ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2023
Persistent Exhausted T-Cell Immunity after Severe COVID-19: 6-Month Evaluation in a Prospective Observational Study.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging trends in post-COVID immune dysregulation: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Adoptive T-cell therapies for persistent COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients: Comparison of IFN-γ virus-specific T-cell therapy and CD45RAGeroScience · 2026Article
- Review
- Mechanisms and impact of long COVID: pathophysiology, neuropsychiatric effects and vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children: Revisiting Host-Virus Interactions Through Post-Infection Immune Profiling.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Immunological and Clinical Markers of Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19: Insights from Mild and Severe Cases 6 Months Post-infection.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Immune dysregulation in COVID-19 induced ARDS in kidney transplant recipients revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Altered immune surveillance of B and T cells in patients with persistent residual lung abnormalities 12 months after severe COVID-19.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Stability of cytokine and immunoglobulin concentrations in the general population: prepandemic basal concentrations and intraindividual changes until the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Unraveled role of TLR7-mediated interferon signaling activation in COVID-19.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Deciphering long-term immune effects of HIV-1/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: a longitudinal study.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2024Article
- T Cell Peptide Prediction, Immune Response, and Host-Pathogen Relationship in Vaccinated and Recovered from Mild COVID-19 Subjects.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- A comprehensive perspective on the interaction between gut microbiota and COVID-19 vaccines.Gut microbesReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionSevere COVID-19 can result in a significant and irreversible impact on long-term recovery and subsequent immune protection. Understanding the complex immune reactions may be useful for establishing clinically relevant monitoring.
methodsHospitalized adults with SARS-CoV-2 between March/October 2020 (n = 64) were selected. Cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma samples were obtained at hospitalization (baseline) and 6 months after recovery. Immunological components' phenotyping and SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response were studied in PBMCs by flow cytometry. Up to 25 plasma pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were assessed by LEGENDplex immunoassays. The SARS-CoV-2 group was compared to matched healthy donors.
resultsBiochemical altered parameters during infection were normalized at a follow-up time point in the SARS-CoV-2 group. Most of the cytokine/chemokine levels were increased at baseline in the SARS-CoV-2 group. This group showed increased Natural Killer cells (NK) activation and decreased CD16
conclusionsThe immunological activation in the SARS-CoV-2 group during hospitalization is reversed at the follow-up time point. However, the marked exhaustion pattern remains over time. This dysregulation could constitute a risk factor for reinfection and the development of other pathologies. Additionally, high SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells response levels appear to be associated with infection severity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.