ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Citric Acid Confers Broad Antibiotic Tolerance through Alteration of Bacterial Metabolism and Oxidative Stress.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- NIR-Assisted Multimodal Strategies for Enhanced Antibacterial Therapy.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Integrated multi-omics analysis of fluoroquinolone tolerance mechanisms induced by enrofloxacin in Pasteurella multocida.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Harnessing Eugenol for Sustainability: Synthesis and Characterization of Biobased Epoxy Thermosets.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Genetic Diversity and Emerging Trends ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Toxicological Evaluation and Antimicrobial Activity of a Natural Thymol-Eucalyptol-Based Mixture.Toxics · 2025Article
- High electron transfer efficiency accordion-shaped HNiZn heterostructure nanozyme for low-temperature photo-catalytic enhanced therapy of bacterial infection wounds.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- A Mechanistic Approach to Replacing Antibiotics with Natural Products in the Treatment of Bacterial Diarrhea.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The Topography of Titanium in Dental Implants: Key to Osseointegration and Bactericidal Capacity.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Design of acidic activation-responsive charge-switchable carbon dots and validation of their antimicrobial activity.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Bacterial Cellulose Composites Loaded with Green Synthesized ZnO and Ag Nanoparticles for Food Packaging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Cyclic Isothiocyanate Goitrin ImpairsPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Food Additive Benzaldehyde Confers a Broad Antibiotic Tolerance by Modulating Bacterial Metabolism and Inhibiting the Formation of Bacterial Flagella.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Acetic and citric acids effect the type II secretion system and decrease the metabolic activities of salmon spoilage-related Rahnella aquatilis KM05.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2024Article
- Citric Acid Promotes Immune Function by Modulating the Intestinal Barrier.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Antibiotic tolerance has become an increasingly serious crisis that has seriously threatened global public health. However, little is known about the exogenous factors that can trigger the development of antibiotic tolerance, both in vivo and in vitro. Herein, we found that the addition of citric acid, which is used in many fields, obviously weakened the bactericidal activity of antibiotics against various bacterial pathogens. This mechanistic study shows that citric acid activated the glyoxylate cycle by inhibiting ATP production in bacteria, reduced cell respiration levels, and inhibited the bacterial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). In addition, citric acid reduced the oxidative stress ability of bacteria, which led to an imbalance in the bacterial oxidation-antioxidant system. These effects together induced the bacteria to produce antibiotic tolerance. Surprisingly, the addition of succinic acid and xanthine could reverse the antibiotic tolerance induced by citric acid in vitro and in animal infection models. In conclusion, these findings provide new insights into the potential risks of citric acid usage and the relationship between antibiotic tolerance and bacterial metabolism.
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Registered trials
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