ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Modelling Microglial Innate Immune Memory In Vitro: Understanding the Role of Aerobic Glycolysis in Innate Immune Memory.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and dynamic evolution of microglial glucose metabolic reprogramming in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Article
- The Innate Immune Memory That Bites Back: How Periodontitis May Train Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Microglial Innate Immune Memory: Implications and Research Advances in Central Nervous System Disorders.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- How to Employ Trained Immunity and Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines to Inhibit Allergic Inflammation.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Interactions between Innate Immune Memory and the Central Nervous System.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2026Review
- Metabolite-driven protein modifications in immune signaling: from established principles to emerging pyruvylation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Nodding syndrome cerebrospinal fluid proteome: a lens into neurodevelopmental failure consistent with environmentally triggeredFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Effect of anti-CD4 mAb induced by inhibiting B cell disorder on immune reconstruction of HIV-infected immunological non-responders.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Acute postnatal inflammation alters adult microglial responses to LPS that are sex-, region- and timing of postnatal inflammation-dependent.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Repeated LPS induces training and tolerance of microglial responses across brain regions.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, play important roles in maintaining brain homeostasis and facilitating the brain's innate immune responses. Following immune challenges microglia also retain immune memories, which can alter responses to secondary inflammatory challenges. Microglia have two main memory states, training and tolerance, which are associated with increased and attenuated expression of inflammatory cytokines, respectively. However, the mechanisms differentiating these two distinct states are not well understood. We investigated mechanisms underlying training versus tolerance memory paradigms in vitro in BV2 cells using B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a priming stimulus followed by LPS as a second stimulus. BAFF followed by LPS showed enhanced responses indicative of priming, whereas LPS followed by LPS as the second stimulus caused reduced responses suggestive of tolerance. The main difference between the BAFF versus the LPS stimulus was the induction of aerobic glycolysis by LPS. Inhibiting aerobic glycolysis during the priming stimulus using sodium oxamate prevented the establishment of the tolerized memory state. In addition, tolerized microglia were unable to induce aerobic glycolysis upon LPS restimulus. Therefore, we conclude that aerobic glycolysis triggered by the first LPS stimulus was a critical step in the induction of innate immune tolerance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.