ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Chemical, Physical, and Toxicological Properties of V-Agents.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Computational Chemistry and Toxicology of Phosphonate Esters of Alkyl Acetoacetates, an Unexplored Class of V-Agents.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Molecular dynamics modeling and spectroscopic property prediction of V-type nerve agents for safe handling.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2025Article
- Rapid On-Site NIR Spectroscopic Characterization of CWA Liquids Using a Novel 3D-Printed Glass Cell.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Review
- N-acetylcysteine prevents cholinergic and non-cholinergic toxic effects induced by nerve agent poisoning in rats.Toxicology research · 2025Article
- Hemoadsorption: a new tool in neurotoxic poisoning.Frontiers in nephrology · 2025Review
- Chemical, In Cellulo, and In Silico Characterization of the Aminocholine Analogs of VG.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Classification, Chemical, and Toxicological Properties of Carbamate Nerve Agents.Journal of xenobiotics · 2024Review
- Neurotoxicology of warfare arsenical, diphenylarsinic acid in humans and experimental models.Chemosphere · 2024Review
- Evaluation of the SERS performances of Tabun and VX label-free detection in complex and multicomponent fluids.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Underestimations in the In Silico-Predicted Toxicities of V-Agents.Journal of xenobiotics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
V-agents are exceedingly toxic organophosphate nerve agents. The most widely known V-agents are the phosphonylated thiocholines VX and VR. Nonetheless, other V-subclasses have been synthesized. Here, a holistic overview of V-agents is provided, where these compounds have been categorized based on their structures to facilitate their study. A total of seven subclasses of V-agents have been identified, including phospho(n/r)ylated selenocholines and non-sulfur-containing agents, such as VP and EA-1576 (EA: Edgewood Arsenal). Certain V-agents have been designed through the conversion of phosphorylated pesticides to their respective phosphonylated analogs, such as EA-1576 derived from mevinphos. Further, this review provides a description of their production, physical properties, toxicity, and stability during storage. Importantly, V-agents constitute a percutaneous hazard, while their high stability ensures the contamination of the exposed area for weeks. The danger of V-agents was highlighted in the 1968 VX accident in Utah. Until now, VX has been used in limited cases of terrorist attacks and assassinations, but there is an increased concern about potential terrorist production and use. For this reason, studying the chemistry of VX and other less-studied V-agents is important to understand their properties and develop potential countermeasures.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.