ArticleBiomedicines2023
Comparative Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Doxorubicin in BT-20 Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma Monolayer and Spheroid Cultures.
Article in Biomedicines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell Line-Dependent Effects of Spheroid Formation Method on Drug Response in Melanoma Models.Cells · 2026Article
- Novel pyridine-based chalcone analogs and triple negative breast cancer: potential therapy & molecular pathways.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Non-invasive quantification of viability in liver spheroids using deep learning.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Synergistic anti-tumor effects of novel two-domain soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and paclitaxel on three-dimensional breast cancer models: implications for targeted therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Utility of Multicellular Spheroids for Investigating Mechanisms of Chemoresistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Biomimetic Tumour Model Systems for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Relation to Photodynamic Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Dependence of human cell survival and proliferation on the CASP3 prodomain.Cell death discovery · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture models are increasingly adopted as preferred pre-clinical drug testing platforms, as they circumvent limitations associated with traditional monolayer cell cultures. However, many of these models are not fully characterized. This study aimed to characterize a BT-20 triple-negative breast carcinoma spheroid model and assess its susceptibility to doxorubicin in comparison to a monolayer model. Spheroids were developed using the liquid overlay method. Phenotypic attributes were analyzed by characterizing changes in size, gross morphology, protein content, metabolic activity, hypoxic status, and cell-cell junctions. The cytotoxic range of doxorubicin in monolayers was determined using the sulforhodamine B assay, and the comparative effect of toxic and sub-toxic concentrations was assessed in both spheroids and monolayers. Similar to the in vivo microenvironment, spheroids had a heterogeneous spatial cytoarchitecture, inherent hypoxia and strong adherens junctions. Doxorubicin induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in monolayers (IC
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.