ReviewBiomedicines2023
Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes of the Central Nervous System: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
Review in Biomedicines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Paraneoplastic Intracellular Neuropathies: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome in advanced lung cancer with mixed adenocarcinoma and squamous features: a diagnostic challenge-a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Functional roles and clinical potential of SOX1 in cancer as a biomarker and therapeutic target.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Prolonged Diagnostic Latency and Long-term Surveillance in Anti-Ri Antibody-positive Opsoclonus-myoclonus Syndrome with Carcinoma of Unknown Primary.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes: Advances and Future Perspectives in Immunopathogenesis and Management.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Recurrent spatial disorientation and amnestic episodes associated with lung adenocarcinoma: a serum- and CSF-negative paraneoplastic case.Archive of clinical cases · 2026Article
- Paraneoplastic progressive Supranuclear palsy: a case report and literature review.Oxford medical case reports · 2025Article
- Indications and Diagnostic Yield of Paraneoplastic and Autoimmune Encephalitis Antibody Testing: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Anti-Ri Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome Presenting with Ocular Flutter in a Patient with Breast Cancer.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- A case of suspected paraneoplastic nerve syndrome associated with prostate cancer or opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection, but symptoms improved after treatment of both.IJU case reports · 2025Article
- Late-onset anti-Yo antibody-positive paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration: a case report.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Evaluation of warning strategies for paraneoplastic neurological syndromes associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Hodgkin lymphoma presenting as paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration: A case report.SAGE open medical case reports · 2025Article
- Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration combined with Lambert-Eaton myasthenia gravis syndrome in a patient positive for SOX1 antibody.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Sequential onset of anti-HU-related paraneoplastic sensory polyneuropathy and limbic encephalitis in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour: a case report.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2024Article
- Article
- Paraneoplastic movement disorder due to suspected metastatic Leiomyosarcoma of tongue: A case report.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes as Initial Presentation of Tumors: An Eight-Year Single-Center Experience.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Management of Paraneoplastic Syndromes in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Case report: Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced paraneoplastic neurological syndrome in two patients: a case series.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) include any symptomatic and non-metastatic neurological manifestations associated with a neoplasm. PNS associated with antibodies against intracellular antigens, known as "high-risk" antibodies, show frequent association with underlying cancer. PNS associated with antibodies against neural surface antigens, known as "intermediate- or low-risk" antibodies, are less frequently associated with cancer. In this narrative review, we will focus on PNS of the central nervous system (CNS). Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion with acute/subacute encephalopathies to achieve a prompt diagnosis and treatment. PNS of the CNS exhibit a range of overlapping "high-risk" clinical syndromes, including but not limited to latent and overt rapidly progressive cerebellar syndrome, opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome, paraneoplastic (and limbic) encephalitis/encephalomyelitis, and stiff-person spectrum disorders. Some of these phenotypes may also arise from recent anti-cancer treatments, namely immune-checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell therapies, as a consequence of boosting of the immune system against cancer cells. Here, we highlight the clinical features of PNS of the CNS, their associated tumors and antibodies, and the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The potential and the advance of this review consists on a broad description on how the field of PNS of the CNS is constantly expanding with newly discovered antibodies and syndromes. Standardized diagnostic criteria and disease biomarkers are fundamental to quickly recognize PNS to allow prompt treatment initiation, thus improving the long-term outcome of these conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.