ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Antifungals: From Pharmacokinetics to Clinical Practice.
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antifungal therapy for newborn infants with invasive fungal infection.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- The Impact of Dietary Interventions on the Pharmacokinetics of Antifungal Drugs: A Systematic Review with Meta-analyses.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Pooled it
- Antifungal Dispensing in Denmark: Patterns Across Primary Care, Secondary Care, and Over-the-Counter Sectors.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Disulfiram reverses fluconazole-resistance mediated by Cdr1 in Candida albicans and interferes with biofilm formation.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- WHO Critical Priority Fungi: A Comprehensive Review of Antifungal Resistance, Emerging Therapeutic Strategies, and the Potential of Antifungal Peptides.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Failure in Invasive Fungal Infections: Beyond Antifungal Resistance-A Narrative Review.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Nanomedicine in the Topical Management of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: An Overview of In Vivo Data.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Synergistic Effects of Cepharanthine and Amphotericin B Against Candida albicans by Targeting PMP3-Mediated Sphingolipid Biosynthesis and Membrane Disruption.Mycopathologia · 2026Article
- A multi-barrier defence strategy using plant-derived antifungals against mycotoxigenic fungi in livestock feed.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Cellular and molecular responses ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Trichosporon asahii subcutaneous soft tissue infection after trauma surgery in an immunocompetent patient: a case report.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Covalent Inhibitors in Antimicrobial Drug Development-Beyond β-Lactams.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- F2F-202, a Selective Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Inhibitor, Behaves as an Arrow with Multiple Tips against Azole-ResistantACS infectious diseases · 2026Article
- RTA-like proteins regulate azole susceptibility by affecting the expression of the oxidoreductase gene oxrA in Aspergillus fumigatus.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Sustainable synthesis of MgO nanoparticles from Persea americana for cultivar dependent nanostructure, environmental remediation and bioactivity supported by molecular docking.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Current and emerging therapies for fungal biofilms and systemic infections.Critical reviews in microbiology · 2026Review
- Problems associated with the ATC system of drug classification.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Tools for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: Current and Emerging Antifungal Agents.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Zinc oxide nanoparticles againstFrontiers in antibiotics · 2026Review
- Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The use of antifungal drugs started in the 1950s with polyenes nystatin, natamycin and amphotericin B-deoxycholate (AmB). Until the present day, AmB has been considered to be a hallmark in the treatment of invasive systemic fungal infections. Nevertheless, the success and the use of AmB were associated with severe adverse effects which stimulated the development of new antifungal drugs such as azoles, pyrimidine antimetabolite, mitotic inhibitors, allylamines and echinochandins. However, all of these drugs presented one or more limitations associated with adverse reactions, administration route and more recently the development of resistance. To worsen this scenario, there has been an increase in fungal infections, especially in invasive systemic fungal infections that are particularly difficult to diagnose and treat. In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the first fungal priority pathogens list, alerting people to the increased incidence of invasive systemic fungal infections and to the associated risk of mortality/morbidity. The report also emphasized the need to rationally use existing drugs and develop new drugs. In this review, we performed an overview of the history of antifungals and their classification, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) characteristics and clinical applications. In parallel, we also addressed the contribution of fungi biology and genetics to the development of resistance to antifungal drugs. Considering that drug effectiveness also depends on the mammalian host, we provide an overview on the roles of therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacogenomics as means to improve the outcome, prevent/reduce antifungal toxicity and prevent the emergence of antifungal resistance. Finally, we present the new antifungals and their main characteristics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.