ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2023
MRI Features and Their Association With Outcomes in Children With Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis.
Open access · goldAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- An updated, comprehensive meta-analysis of the treatment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis: Analysis, equipoise, and the urgent need for evidence over anecdote.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Pooled it
- Blood-brain barrier integrity disruption linked to brain lesions and relapse prediction in Southern Chinese anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis andAnnals of the Child Neurology Society · 2025Article
- Pediatric Neuroimaging of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroinflammatory Diseases.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2024Review
- Rate of Autoimmune Encephalitis in Children With First-Episode Psychosis.Pediatric neurology · 2024Article
- Isolated Psychiatric Symptoms in Children With Anti-N-Methyl-d Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis.Pediatric neurology · 2024Article
- Electroconvulsive therapy in N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis: A retrospective cohort and scoping review of literature.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2024Article
- Molecularly targeted immunotherapy used to treat a novel overlap syndrome of pediatricAnnals of the Child Neurology Society · 2024Article
- Contribution of cerebrospinal fluid antibody titers and sex to acute cerebral blood flow in patients with anti-NMDAR autoimmune encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Grace GombolayFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.). grace.yoonheekim.gombolay@emory.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-4830-7792
J Nicholas BrentonFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.).
Jennifer H YangFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.).
Coral M StrednyFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.).
Ryan KammeyerFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.).ORCID 0000-0001-8657-3106
Catherine E OttenFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.).ORCID 0000-0003-1618-9437
NgocHanh VuFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.).
Jonathan D SantoroFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.).ORCID 0000-0002-8350-8234
Karla Robles-LopezFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.).
Andrew ChristianaFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.).ORCID 0000-0002-1980-7256
Claude SteriadeFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.).
Morgan MorrisFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.).
Mark GormanFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.).
Manikum MoodleyFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.).
Duriel HardyFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.).
Alexandra B KornbluhFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.).ORCID 0000-0002-7880-918X
Ilana KahnFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.).
Leigh N SepetaFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.).
Anusha YeshokumarFrom the Emory University SOM and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (G.G., M. Morris); University of Virginia Health System (J.N.B.); University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (J.H.Y.); Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (C.M.S., M.G.); University of Colorado SOM and Children's Hospital Colorado (R.K.); Seattle Children's/University of Washington (C.E.O.); Vanderbilt University Medical Center (N.V.); Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine (J.D.S.), University of Southern California; University of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical School (K.R.-L., M. Moodley, D.H.); New York University SOM (A.C., C.S.); Children's National Hospital and George Washington University Medical School (A.B.K., I.K., L.N.S.); Mount Sinai University and Bristol Myers Squibb (A.Y.).
Conquering Neuroinflammation and Epilepsies Consortium (CONNECT)
Children's National · USSeattle Children's Hospital · US
Funding
Implementing a Maternal health and PRegnancy Outcomes Vision for Everyone (IMPROVE)UL1TR002378 · NCATS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Andres J Garcia, Elizabeth O. Ofili · 2017 to 2026
$92.1MInstitutional Career Development CoreKL2TR002381 · NCATS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI HENRY M BLUMBERG, Anandi Nayan Sheth · 2017 to 2026
$14.1MNeuro HPA Project 1U54AG062334 · NIA · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Ighovwerha Ofotokun · 2018 to 2026
$12.2MImaging the Impact of Childhood Epilepsy on Memory Development - SupplementK23NS093152 · NINDS · CHILDREN'S RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI SEPETA, LEIGH · 2018 to 2023
$912kNCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR002381NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002378NIA NIH HHS U54 AG062334NINDS NIH HHS K23 NS093152
Abstract
objectivesHow brain MRI lesions associate with outcomes in pediatric anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (pNMDARE) is unknown. In this study, we correlate T2-hyperintense MRI brain lesions with clinical outcomes in pNMDARE.
methodsThis was a multicenter retrospective cohort study from 11 institutions. Children younger than 18 years with pNMDARE were included. One-year outcomes were assessed by the modified Rankin Score (mRS) with good (mRS ≤2) and poor (mRS ≥3) outcomes.
resultsA total of 175 pNMDARE subjects were included, with 1-year mRS available in 142/175 (81%) and 60/175 (34%) had abnormal brain MRIs. The most common T2-hyperintense lesion locations were frontal, temporal, and parietal. MRI features that predicted poor 1-year outcomes included abnormal MRI, particularly T2 lesions in the frontal and occipital lobes. After adjusting for treatment within 4 weeks of onset, improvement within 4 weeks, and intensive care unit admission, MRI features were no longer associated with poor outcomes, but after multiple imputation for missing data, T2 frontal and occipital lesions associated with poor outcomes. DISCUSSION: Abnormal frontal and occipital lesions on MRI may associate with 1-year mRS in pNMDARE. MRI of the brain may be a helpful prognostication tool that should be examined in future studies.
Indexed as
Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor EncephalitisBrainChildHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingOccipital LobeRetrospective Studies
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