ArticlePloS one2023
Bacterial etiology of urinary tract infections in patients treated at Kenyan health facilities and their resistance towards commonly used antibiotics.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ciprofloxacin resistance in community and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis from African population.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in acute community-acquired urinary tract infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Review
- Rising antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections in Türkiye: an urgent need for update on regional treatment strategies and for enhanced antimicrobial stewardship efforts.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Patterns and trends of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial isolates from urine cultures in Eritrea, 2010 - 2021: a secondary dataset analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Synergistic antipersister, efflux inhibitory & antibiofilm activities of vaginal Lactobacillus-derived postbiotics against UPEC: toward a novel therapeutic for utis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Profile of Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns ofInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Sulfonamide resistance, virulence traits, and in-silico target interactions among clinical isolates in Setif, Algeria (2021-2023).Iranian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Related factors of bloodstream infections associated with urinary tract infections and pathogenetic characteristics analysis.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- The appropriateness of empirical antibiotic therapy in the management of symptomatic urinary tract infection patients-a cross-sectional study in Nairobi County, Kenya.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- Prevalence of urinary tract infections in pregnant women and antimicrobial resistance patterns in women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Rates ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Associations between extreme weather events, resource insecurities, and HIV vulnerabilities with self-reported urinary tract infection symptoms among adolescent girls and young women in Kenya.The journal of climate change and healthArticle
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEvidence-based empirical antibiotic prescribing requires knowledge of local antimicrobial resistance patterns. The spectrum of pathogens and their susceptibility strongly influences guidelines for empirical therapies for urinary tract infections (UTI) management.
objectiveThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of UTI causative bacteria and their corresponding antibiotic resistance profiles in three counties of Kenya. Such data could be used to determine the optimal empirical therapy.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, urine samples were collected from patients who presented with symptoms suggestive of UTI in the following healthcare facilities; Kenyatta National Hospital, Kiambu Hospital, Mbagathi, Makueni, Nanyuki, Centre for Microbiology Research, and Mukuru Health Centres. Urine cultures were done on Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) to isolate UTI bacterial etiologies, while antibiotic sensitivity testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion using CLSI guidelines and interpretive criteria.
resultsA total of 1,027(54%) uropathogens were isolated from the urine samples of 1898 participants. Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli were the main uropathogens at 37.6% and 30.9%, respectively. The percentage resistance to commonly used drugs for the treatment of UTI were as follows: trimethoprim (64%), sulfamethoxazole (57%), nalidixic acid(57%), ciprofloxacin (27%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (5%), and nitrofurantoin (9%) and cefixime (9%). Resistance rates to broad-spectrum antimicrobials, such as ceftazidime, gentamicin, and ceftriaxone, were 15%, 14%, and 11%, respectively. Additionally, the proportion of Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria was 66%.
conclusionHigh resistance rates toward fluoroquinolones, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim were reported. These antibiotics are commonly used drugs as they are inexpensive and readily available. Based on these findings, more robust standardised surveillance is needed to confirm the patterns observed while recognising the potential impact of sampling biases on observed resistance rates.
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