SynthesisToxins2023
Neutralizing Antibody Formation with OnabotulinumtoxinA (BOTOX
Synthesis in Toxins, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Botulinum Toxin Type A for Moderate to Severe Glabellar Lines: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-blind, Phase III Trial in Chinese Adults.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2026Trial
- Clinical Outcomes and Retreatment Pathways Following Intradetrusor OnabotulinumtoxinA in Women with Refractory Idiopathic Overactive Bladder.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Botulinum Toxin A Myths, Evidence, and Global Media Narratives.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Review
- Cryo-EM Structure Guided Engineering of Botulinum Neurotoxin A With Advanced Receptor Binding Affinity and Therapeutical Benefits.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Review
- Real-World Retrospective Safety Analysis of OnabotulinumtoxinA for the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Migraine and Concomitant Therapeutic Indications.Pain and therapy · 2026Article
- Review
- [Botulinum toxin preparations in dermatology : Characterization, comparison, and treatment options].Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Real-World Data on the Efficacy of OnabotulinumtoxinA Injections as Prophylactic Treatment for Migraine: A Retrospective Study from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (2016-2024).Pain and therapy · 2026Article
- Decades of Scientific Data and Global Media Reporting on Complications in Non-surgical Aesthetic Treatments for a Transparent Safety Profile: Kissing Snow White Awake.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Why Dosing Matters: A Closer Look at the Dose-Response Relationship With OnabotulinumtoxinA.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Review
- Zinc in Dermatology: Exploring Its Emerging Role in Enhancing Botulinum Toxin Formulations and Clinical Efficacy.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Review
- Article
- Immunogenicity of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Different Clinical and Cosmetic Treatment, a Literature Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- The Role of Botulinum Toxin Type-A in Spasticity: Research Trends from a Bibliometric Analysis.Toxins · 2024Review
- Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Botox Application and Iatrogenic Botulism: Panacea or Peril?Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Review
- The Patient Journey in Facial Aesthetics: Findings from a European Consensus Meeting on Improving the Quality of Life for Patients Receiving Botulinum Toxin Injections.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Though the formation of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) during treatment with botulinum neurotoxin is rare, their presence may nonetheless affect the biological activity of botulinum toxin and negatively impact clinical response. The goal of this updated meta-analysis was to evaluate and characterize the rate of NAb formation using an expanded dataset composed of 33 prospective placebo-controlled and open-label clinical trials with nearly 30,000 longitudinal subject records prior to and following onabotulinumtoxinA treatment in 10 therapeutic and aesthetic indications. Total onabotulinumtoxinA doses per treatment ranged from 10 U to 600 U administered in ≤15 treatment cycles. The NAb formation at baseline and post-treatment was tested and examined for impact on clinical safety and efficacy. Overall, 27 of the 5876 evaluable subjects (0.5%) developed NAbs after onabotulinumtoxinA treatment. At study exit, 16 of the 5876 subjects (0.3%) remained NAb positive. Due to the low incidence of NAb formation, no clear relationship was discernable between positive NAb results and gender, indication, dose level, dosing interval, treatment cycles, or the site of injection. Only five subjects who developed NAbs post-treatment were considered secondary nonresponders. Subjects who developed NAbs revealed no other evidence of immunological reactions or clinical disorders. This comprehensive meta-analysis confirms the low NAb formation rate following onabotulinumtoxinA treatment across multiple indications, and its limited clinical impact on treatment safety and efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.