ArticleToxins2023
Increasing the Passive Range of Joint Motion in Stroke Patients Using Botulinum Toxin: The Role of Pain Relief.
Article in Toxins, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Temporal trajectory and predictors of hemiplegic shoulder pain after stroke: a 12-month longitudinal clinical-ultrasound study.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2026Observational
- Non-Invasive Assessment of Hypertonic Muscle Properties After Botulinum Toxin Neuromodulation in Post-Stroke Patients: A Systematic Literature Review of Recent Evidence (2023-2025) on Mobility and Balance.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Tailoring BoNT A treatment and assessment across recovery stages after stroke: a report of four clinical cases.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Article
- Clinical and Ultrasound Evaluation of Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain in Stroke Patients: A Longitudinal Observational Study Starting in the First Hours After Stroke.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
- Article
- The Complex Role of Botulinum Toxin in Enhancing Goal Achievement for Post-Stroke Patients.Toxins · 2024Article
- Botulinum toxin treatment may improve myoelectric pattern recognition in robot-assisted stroke rehabilitation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxins: From Toxin to Medicine.Toxins · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
By blocking the release of neurotransmitters, botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is an effective treatment for muscle over-activity and pain in stroke patients. BoNT-A has also been reported to increase passive range of motion (p-ROM), the decrease of which is mainly due to muscle shortening (i.e., muscle contracture). Although the mechanism of action of BoNT-A on p-ROM is far from understood, pain relief may be hypothesized to play a role. To test this hypothesis, a retrospective investigation of p-ROM and pain was conducted in post-stroke patients treated with BoNT-A for upper limb hypertonia. Among 70 stroke patients enrolled in the study, muscle tone (Modified Ashworth Scale), pathological postures, p-ROM, and pain during p-ROM assessment (Numeric Rating Scale, NRS) were investigated in elbow flexors (48 patients) and in finger flexors (64 patients), just before and 3-6 weeks after BoNT-A treatment. Before BoNT-A treatment, pathological postures of elbow flexion were found in all patients but one. A decreased elbow p-ROM was found in 18 patients (38%). Patients with decreased p-ROM had higher pain-NRS scores (5.08 ± 1.96, with a pain score ≥8 in 11% of cases) than patients with normal p-ROM (0.57 ± 1.36) (
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Registered trials
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