ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2023
Metabolic phenotypes and risk of end-stage kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06591104 (Metabolic Phenotypes of Obesity and Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Metabolic Phenotypes of Obesity and Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Analysis of Renal Function Outcomes Following Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Obesity surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- A body composition-based clustering study and its association with metabolic phenotypes among the general population in China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Narrative review investigating the nephroprotective mechanisms of sodium glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Obesity often initiates or coexists with metabolic abnormalities. This study aimed to investigate the pathological characteristics and the independent or mutual relations of obesity and metabolic abnormalities with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Methods: A total of 495 Chinese patients with T2D and biopsy-confirmed DKD between 2003 and 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The metabolic phenotypes were based on the body weight index (BMI)-based categories (obesity, BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m Results: There are 56 (11.3%) MHNO patients, 28 (5.7%) MHO patients, 176 (35.6%) MUNO patients, and 235 (47.5%) MUO patients. The high prevalence of the Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodule and severe mesangial expansion were associated with obesity, whereas severe IFTA was related to metabolically unhealthy status. In the multivariate analysis, the adjusted HR (aHR) was 2.09 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99-4.88] in the MHO group, 2.16 (95% CI 1.20-3.88) in the MUNO group, and 2.31 (95% CI 1.27-4.20) in the MUO group compared with the MHNO group. Furthermore, the presence of obesity was insignificantly associated with ESKD compared with non-obese patients (aHR 1.22, 95% CI 0.88-1.68), while the metabolically unhealthy status was significantly associated with ESKD compared to the metabolically healthy status in the multivariate analysis (aHR 1.69, 95% CI 1.10-2.60). Conclusion: Obesity itself was insignificantly associated with ESKD; however, adding a metabolically unhealthy status to obesity increased the risk for progression to ESKD in T2D and biopsy-proven DKD.
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