ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2023
Selenium level correlates negatively with antibodies but positively with thyroid function in children with down syndrome: an Indonesian study.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Revisiting down syndrome through the lens of interferonopathy and innate immune dysregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Endocrine and Digestive Disorders Arising in Childhood in Down Syndrome and Their Cross-Talk.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Thyroid Health and Selenium: The Critical Role of Adequate Intake from Fetal Development to Adolescence.Nutrients · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Children with Down syndrome (DS) are prone to developing autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Previous studies found lower selenium (Se) levels in children with AITD. Glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPx3) and selenoprotein-P (SePP) are widely used to measure Se levels. DS children tend to have lower Se levels, the main contributor to hypothyroidism in this population. This study aimed to analyze the Se's role in AITD in Indonesian children with DS. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2021-June 2022 at the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic of Dr Soetomo Hospital. DS children aged 1 month to 18 years were enrolled using consecutive sampling. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, thyroid peroxidase (TPO-Ab) and thyroglobulin (Tg-Ab) autoantibody, GPx3, and SePP levels were measured in plasma samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Statistical analyses used Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman's rank correlation ( Results: Among 62 children with DS, SePP and GPx3 levels were significantly lower in those with AITD than those without AITD ( Conclusion: Selenium deficiency contributes to autoimmune process in the thyroid and to thyroid dysfunction in children with Down syndrome. Our findings recommend increasing Se levels through Se-containing foods to reduce the risks of AITD and thyroid dysfunction in DS children with AITD.
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