ReviewCureus2023
A Systematic Review of the Effects of Smoking on the Cardiovascular System and General Health.
Review in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- National Heart Center/Saudi Heart Association 2025 Guidelines for Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention and Risk Assessment.Saudi medical journal · 2026Guideline
- Health impacts of electronic nicotine delivery systems: an umbrella review of systematic reviews.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Influence of cigarette smoking on drugs' metabolism and effects: a systematic review.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of the EILA application on smoking cessation among hospital workers: a randomised controlled trial.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Trial
- Examining cross-sectional associations between Australian parents' physical activity levels and their parenting confidence.BMC public health · 2025Trial
- Emotion Dysregulation Modulates the Association Between Cigarette Use and HPA-Axis Functioning Among Women Currently Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Cotinine Promotes Cancer Cell Proliferation and mEnvironment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Joint effects of PMScientific reports · 2026Article
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Use of E-Cigarettes Among Syrian University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Model Analysis of the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8: Can Physical Activity Mitigate Cardiovascular Risk Among Low-Income Individuals?Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Can general practitioners use smoking status data in electronic health records to recruit patients for lung cancer screening? A descriptive study using the MedicineInsight database.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- How much does eliminating one or two cardiovascular risk factors matter?: Evidence from the Global Cardiovascular Risk Consortium.European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Construction of risk factors and nomogram model related to thoracoscopic postoperative complications of stage I non-small cell lung cancer.BMC surgery · 2026Article
- Prescribed Medication Burden by Tobacco Smoking and E-Cigarette Use Status.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Mobile Health Interventions for Adolescent Smoking Prevention: A Scoping Review.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026Article
- An analysis of associations of having children with smoking prevalence and intensity using nationally representative survey data in Japan.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of digital health interventions for increasing preventive care for smoking, nutrition, alcohol consumption, physical activity and weight (SNAP-W) in outpatient settings: a systematic review protocol.Systematic reviews · 2026Article
- The associations between tobacco exposure and diarrhea within the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Observational
- Smoking-attributable ischemic heart disease burden in China from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2036: A retrospective analysis and forecasting study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 10 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The main risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is smoking. Nicotine and carbon monoxide are two dangerous substances that are found in cigarette smoke. The increased heart rate can have an almost instantaneous impact on the heart and blood vessels. Smoking is well known to cause oxidative stress, endanger the lining of the arteries, and accelerate the accumulation of fatty plaque in the blood vessels. It raises the danger of sudden thrombotic events, inflammatory alterations, and low-density lipoprotein oxidation. The smoke's carbon monoxide decreases the blood's capacity to deliver oxygen, adding to the heart's stress. Notably, these risks increase when diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, and glucose intolerance are present. It has a detrimental effect on peripheral blood vessels, raising the possibility of thromboangiitis obliterans. Stroke risk is known to be increased by smoking. As compared to those who continue to smoke, those who give up smoking have a much longer life expectancy. Chronic cigarette smoking has been shown to affect the macrophages' ability to remove cholesterol. Abstinence from smoking enhances the function of high-density lipoproteins and cholesterol efflux, lowering the risk of plaque buildup. In this review, we present the most recent information regarding the causal relationship between smoking and cardiovascular health as well as the long-term advantages of quitting.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.