Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37234131›Full record

ReviewRe/views in environmental science and bio/technology2023

A comprehensive review of water quality indices (WQIs): history, models, attempts and perspectives.

Sandra Chidiac, Paula El Najjar, Naim Ouaini, Youssef El Rayess, Desiree El Azzi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Re/views in environmental science and bio/technology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  11. Addressing contaminants of emerging concern in the United States public water systems.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sandra ChidiacDepartment of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O.Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0002-1822-119X
Paula El NajjarDepartment of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O.Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
Naim OuainiDepartment of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O.Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
Youssef El RayessDepartment of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O.Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
Desiree El AzziDepartment of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O.Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Water quality index (WQI) is one of the most used tools to describe water quality. It is based on physical, chemical, and biological factors that are combined into a single value that ranges from 0 to 100 and involves 4 processes: (1) parameter selection, (2) transformation of the raw data into common scale, (3) providing weights and (4) aggregation of sub-index values. The background of WQI is presented in this review study. the stages of development, the progression of the field of study, the various WQIs, the benefits and drawbacks of each approach, and the most recent attempts at WQI studies. In order to grow and elaborate the index in several ways, WQIs should be linked to scientific breakthroughs (example: ecologically). Consequently, a sophisticated WQI that takes into account statistical methods, interactions between parameters, and scientific and technological improvement should be created in order to be used in future investigations.

Indexed as

Ground waterSurface waterWater quality index (WQI)Water quality parameters

Identifiers

PMID37234131
PMCPMC10006569

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.