ReviewFrontiers in rehabilitation sciences2023
Female reproductive health impacts of Long COVID and associated illnesses including ME/CFS, POTS, and connective tissue disorders: a literature review.
Review in Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long COVID and endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pregnancy Outcomes in Individuals With Long COVID.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Article
- The Impact of Long COVID on the Female Reproductive System: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- T-cell repertoire response in individuals with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 and female reproductive health: pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical reproductive outcomes.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Post-COVID fatigue disproportionately affects women: evidence from the DEFEAT Corona cohort.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Long COVID is associated with female sex; Anti-NCAM1 autoantibodies are absent in patients with long COVID.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- A Multidimensional Assessment of Sleep Disorders in Long COVID Using the Alliance Sleep Questionnaire.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Intersectionality and Long Covid: Understanding the Lived Experiences of Ethnic Minority Groups in the United Kingdom.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- The potential bidirectional relationship between long COVID and menstruation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Structural and Hormonal Changes in Reproductive-Age Women Post-COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Ultrasound and Biochemical Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Multidisciplinary collaborative guidance on the assessment and treatment of patients with Long COVID: A compendium statement.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 on Women's Reproductive Health and Its Association with Autoimmune Diseases, Including Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Sex Differences in Long COVID.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Food and medicine homology: a potential nutritional intervention strategy for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Abnormal uterine bleeding and fertility challenges secondary to long COVID: A case report.SAGE open medical case reports · 2025Article
- Insights into the Risk Factors and Outcomes of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome-Results from a Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study in Romania.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Postacute Sequelae of COVID (PASC or Long COVID): An Evidenced-Based Approach.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Sex and disease severity-based analysis of steroid hormones in ME/CFS.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Long COVID disproportionately affects premenopausal women, but relatively few studies have examined Long COVID's impact on female reproductive health. We conduct a review of the literature documenting the female reproductive health impacts of Long COVID which may include disruptions to the menstrual cycle, gonadal function, ovarian sufficiency, menopause, and fertility, as well as symptom exacerbation around menstruation. Given limited research, we also review the reproductive health impacts of overlapping and associated illnesses including myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), connective tissue disorders like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), and endometriosis, as these illnesses may help to elucidate reproductive health conditions in Long COVID. These associated illnesses, whose patients are 70%-80% women, have increased rates of dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, dyspareunia, endometriosis, infertility, vulvodynia, intermenstrual bleeding, ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids and bleeding, pelvic congestion syndrome, gynecological surgeries, and adverse pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, maternal mortality, and premature birth. Additionally, in Long COVID and associated illnesses, symptoms can be impacted by the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause. We propose priorities for future research and reproductive healthcare in Long COVID based on a review of the literature. These include screening Long COVID patients for comorbid and associated conditions; studying the impacts of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause on symptoms and illness progression; uncovering the role of sex differences and sex hormones in Long COVID and associated illnesses; and addressing historical research and healthcare inequities that have contributed to detrimental knowledge gaps for this patient population.
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Registered trials
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