ReviewMetabolites2023
The Engagement of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Tryptophan Metabolism.
Review in Metabolites, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbial Signals in Cancer: Dissecting Host-Microbiota-Tumor Interactions and Potential Therapeutic Strategy.MedComm · 2026Review
- Hepato-Cardiac Axis in Epirubicin Toxicity: Role of Kynurenine Pathway and N-Acetylcysteine Antioxidant Intervention.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis Elucidates the Progressive Disease Landscape and Reveals Dynamic Protein Biomarkers for MASLD Surveillance.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Inflammation and treatment strategies for suicidal behavior.The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry · 2026Review
- Tryptophan Metabolism at the Crossroads of Immunity, Barrier Function, and the Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Serotonin, Kynurenine, and Indole Pathways of Tryptophan Metabolism in Humans in Health and Disease.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Cardiomyocyte programmed cell death in dilated cardiomyopathy: molecular crosstalk and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Functional potential of gut microbiota inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Parkinson's disease: an integrative bioinformatics and machine learning analysis reveals tryptophan metabolism-associated gene biomarkers.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Genome-Wide Association Study of Abdominal and Intramuscular Fat Deposition Traits in Huainan Yellow-Feathered Chickens.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- The Role of Probiotics and Their Postbiotic Metabolites in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Hepatoprotective Properties of the Revised Formulation of Dahuang Xiaoshi Tang, an Ancient Chinese Herbal Decoction, Are Probed by Integrated Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Proteome mining of Yersinia Enterocolitica for drug targets and computational inhibitor identification with ADMET, anti-inflammation potential and formulation characteristics.BioData mining · 2025Article
- Review
- Methyl Jasmonate Orchestrates Multi-Pathway Antioxidant Defense to Enhance Salt Stress Tolerance in Walnut (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Methods for Synthesis and Extraction of Resveratrol from Grapevine: Challenges and Advances in Compound Identification and Analysis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Brain Cytochrome P450: Navigating Neurological Health and Metabolic Regulation.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Insights intoLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Serotonin Mitigates ColdStress-Induced Damage inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Partners in health and disease: pineal gland and purinergic signalling.Purinergic signalling · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tryptophan is metabolized along three main metabolic pathways, namely the kynurenine, serotonin and indole pathways. The majority of tryptophan is transformed via the kynurenine pathway, catalyzed by tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase or indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, leading to neuroprotective kynurenic acid or neurotoxic quinolinic acid. Serotonin synthesized by tryptophan hydroxylase, and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase enters the metabolic cycle: serotonin → N-acetylserotonin → melatonin → 5-methoxytryptamine→serotonin. Recent studies indicate that serotonin can also be synthesized by cytochrome P450 (CYP), via the CYP2D6-mediated 5-methoxytryptamine O-demethylation, while melatonin is catabolized by CYP1A2, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 via aromatic 6-hydroxylation and by CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 via O-demethylation. In gut microbes, tryptophan is metabolized to indole and indole derivatives. Some of those metabolites act as activators or inhibitors of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, thus regulating the expression of CYP1 family enzymes, xenobiotic metabolism and tumorigenesis. The indole formed in this way is further oxidized to indoxyl and indigoid pigments by CYP2A6, CYP2C19 and CYP2E1. The products of gut-microbial tryptophan metabolism can also inhibit the steroid-hormone-synthesizing CYP11A1. In plants, CYP79B2 and CYP79B3 were found to catalyze N-hydroxylation of tryptophan to form indole-3-acetaldoxime while CYP83B1 was reported to form indole-3-acetaldoxime N-oxide in the biosynthetic pathway of indole glucosinolates, considered to be defense compounds and intermediates in the biosynthesis of phytohormones. Thus, cytochrome P450 is engaged in the metabolism of tryptophan and its indole derivatives in humans, animals, plants and microbes, producing biologically active metabolites which exert positive or negative actions on living organisms. Some tryptophan-derived metabolites may influence cytochrome P450 expression, affecting cellular homeostasis and xenobiotic metabolism.
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