Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37233332›Full record

ArticleJournal of Intelligence2023

Testing Replicability and Generalizability of the Time on Task Effect.

Raimund J Krämer, Marco Koch, Julie Levacher, Florian Schmitz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of Intelligence, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Frontal Disorders and Consciousness: A Review.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Raimund J KrämerDepartment of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, 45141 Essen, Germany.ORCID 0009-0009-1663-7202
Marco KochIndividual Differences & Psychodiagnostics, Saarland University, Campus A1.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6711-4369
Julie LevacherIndividual Differences & Psychodiagnostics, Saarland University, Campus A1.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
Florian SchmitzDepartment of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, 45141 Essen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6368-628X

Funding

Federal Ministry of Education and Research 01GK1801A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The time on task (ToT) effect describes the relationship of the time spent on a cognitive task and the probability of successful task completion. The effect has been shown to vary in size and direction across tests and even within tests, depending on the test taker and item characteristics. Specifically, investing more time has a positive effect on response accuracy for difficult items and low ability test-takers, but a negative effect for easy items and high ability test-takers. The present study sought to test the replicability of this result pattern of the ToT effect across samples independently drawn from the same populations of persons and items. Furthermore, its generalizability was tested in terms of differential correlations across ability tests. To this end, ToT effects were estimated for three different reasoning tests and one test measuring natural sciences knowledge in 10 comparable subsamples with a total

Indexed as

assessmentconditional dependencyfigural matricesreplicationresponse processesresponse timetime on task

Identifiers

PMID37233332
PMCPMC10219143

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.