ArticleThe International journal of eating disorders2023
Risk factors for anorexia nervosa: A population-based investigation of sex differences in polygenic risk and early life exposures.
Article in The International journal of eating disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Imbalanced Innervation of the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus by the AgRP and α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Axonal Projections in Germ-Free Mice.Developmental neuroscience · 2025Article
- Predictors of Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Comorbidity and Order of Diagnosis in a Danish National Cohort.The International journal of eating disorders · 2025Article
- Construction of a register-based severity index for anorexia nervosa in Denmark: Association with overall and cause-specific mortality.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Genetics of Anorexia Nervosa: Translation to Future Personalized Therapies.The Psychiatric clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Two identical twin pairs discordant for longstanding anorexia nervosa and OSFED: lived experience accounts of eating disorder and recovery processes.Journal of eating disorders · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine sex differences in risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN).
methodThis population-based study involved 44,743 individuals (6,239 AN cases including 5,818 females and 421 males, and 38,504 controls including 18,818 females and 19,686 males) born in Denmark between May 1981 and December 2009. Follow-up began on the individual's sixth birthday and ended at AN diagnosis, emigration, death, or December 31, 2016, whichever occurred first. Exposures included socioeconomic status (SES), pregnancy, birth, and early childhood factors based on data from Danish registers, and psychiatric and metabolic polygenic risk scores (PRS) based on genetic data. Hazard ratios were estimated using weighted Cox proportional hazards models stratified by sex (assigned at birth), with AN diagnosis as the outcome.
resultsThe effects of early life exposures and PRS on AN risk were comparable between females and males. Although we observed some differences in the magnitude and direction of effects, there were no significant interactions between sex and SES, pregnancy, birth, or early childhood exposures. The effects of most PRS on AN risk were highly similar between the sexes. We observed significant sex-specific effects of parental psychiatric history and body mass index PRS, though these effects did not survive corrections for multiple comparisons.
conclusionsRisk factors for AN are comparable between females and males. Collaboration across countries with large registers is needed to further investigate sex-specific effects of genetic, biological, and environmental exposures on AN risk, including exposures in later childhood and adolescence as well as the additive effects of exposures. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE: Sex differences in the prevalence and clinical presentation of AN warrant examination of sex-specific risk factors. This population-based study indicates that the effects of polygenic risk and early life exposures on AN risk are comparable between females and males. Collaboration between countries with large registers is needed to further investigate sex-specific AN risk factors and improve early identification of AN.
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