Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37231409›Full record

Trial reportJournal of cardiothoracic surgery2023

The effects of cold compress and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the pain associated with chest tube removal among patients with coronary bypass grafting.

Fatemeh Hatefi, Majid Kazemi, Parvin Manglian, Dadullah Shahi Moridi, Shahin Heydari, Hadi Hasani

Open access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of cardiothoracic surgery, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Fatemeh HatefiDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Majid KazemiDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Nurse Street, Rafsanjan, Iran. Maj_kaz@yahoo.com.
Parvin ManglianDepartment of Critical Care Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Dadullah Shahi MoridiDepartment of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Shahin HeydariDepartment of Fundamental Nursing, Geriatric Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Hadi HasaniDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, Jovein School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3070-3108
Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences · IRKerman University of Medical Sciences · IRSabzevar University of Medical Sciences · IR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimChest tube removal (CTR) can cause severe acute pain which is usually described by patients as a painful experience. This study compared the effects of cold compress, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and combined cold compress-TENS on CTR-associated pain among patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

methodsThis randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2018-2019 using a double-blind four-group design. Participants were 120 patients with CABG selected from Shafa hospital, Kerman, Iran, and randomly allocated to a cold compress, a TENS, a combined cold compress-TENS, and a placebo group (compress with room temperature) and TENS with an off TENS device. Each participant received the intervention for 15 min immediately before CTR. CTR-associated pain was assessed before, during, immediately after, and 15 min after CTR. Data were analyzed using the SPSS program (v. 22.0) at a significance level of less than 0.05.

resultsThe data of 29 participants in the placebo group, 26 in the TENS group, 30 in the cold compress group, and 26 in the combined cold compress-TENS group was gathered. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics and pain intensity scores of participants had no statistically significant differences among all four groups (P > 0.05). The mean score of pain intensity in all groups was at its highest level during CTR and gradually decreased afterwards, but this pain intensity reduction in the compress-TENS group was significantly greater than other groups (P < 0.001).

conclusionCombined cold compress-TENS is more effective than separate cold compress and TENS in reducing CTR-associated pain among patients with CABG. Therefore, non-pharmacological methods such as combined cold compress-TENS are recommended for managing CTR-associated pain.

Indexed as

Transcutaneous Electric Nerve StimulationChest PainChest TubesCoronary Artery BypassHumansPain ManagementChest tubeCold compressCoronary artery bypass graftingPainTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Identifiers

PMID37231409
PMCPMC10214554
OpenAlexW4378174750

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.