ArticleBMC public health2023
Racial-ethnic disparities in psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: the role of experienced discrimination and perceived racial bias.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Impact of COVID-19 on Racialised Minority Populations: A Systematic Review of Experiences and Perspectives.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Distress Profiles and Help-Seeking Behaviors Among Diverse Healthcare Workers Participating in a Mental Health Screening Program.Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Symptom, Functional, and Work Participation Profiles Among Racialized Canadians with Pre-Existing Mental Health Challenges and Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Fear of COVID-19 over the first year of the pandemic: Effect on anxiety, depression, and substance use, taking mental health support into account.Global epidemiology · 2026Article
- Vicarious Racial Discrimination and Mental Health among Adults: A Scoping Review of Literature Published between 2010 and 2023.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- Heterogeneity in Asian Americans' mortality trends, 2000-2022.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- A review of youth mental health in the U.S.: the current landscape, youth perspectives, and strategies for equitable solutions.Frontiers in health services · 2026Review
- Predicting fear of COVID-19 based on depression, anxiety, and stress in administrative employees by emphasizing the role of ethnicity.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Psychological distress and its potential risk factors among Black and White adult immigrants in the United States - National Health Interview Survey 2005-2018.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Mental health symptoms and discrimination among immigrant and US-born Hispanic or Latino adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Disparities in group-based medical mistrust and associations with mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- Psychological Distress Among US-Born and Non-US-Born Black or African American Adults in the US.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Predicting mental health disparities using machine learning for African Americans in Southeastern Virginia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Wastewater Based Measures of COVID-19 and Associations with Children's Absenteeism at Grade Schools.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Are There Race-Based Differences in Neuropsychological Test Performance and Psychological Symptom Endorsement Among Adults Diagnosed With ADHD?Psychiatric research and clinical practice · 2025Article
- Perceptions of anti-racism efforts and mental health among students in higher education in the United States.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Association of racism experience with gun purchase during COVID-19: Evidence from a national survey in the United States.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Experiences with COVID-19 economic relief measures among low-wage worker families: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Mental health care-seeking and barriers: a cross-sectional study of an urban Latinx community.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The Role of Social Determinants of Health in Self-Reported Psychological Distress among United States Adults Post-COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundResearch on mental health disparities by race-ethnicity in the United States (US) during COVID-19 is limited and has generated mixed results. Few studies have included Asian Americans as a whole or by subgroups in the analysis.
methodsData came from the 2020 Health, Ethnicity, and Pandemic Study, based on a nationally representative sample of 2,709 community-dwelling adults in the US with minorities oversampled. The outcome was psychological distress. The exposure variable was race-ethnicity, including four major racial-ethnic groups and several Asian ethnic subgroups in the US. The mediators included experienced discrimination and perceived racial bias toward one's racial-ethnic group. Weighted linear regressions and mediation analyses were performed.
resultsAmong the four major racial-ethnic groups, Hispanics (22%) had the highest prevalence of severe distress, followed by Asians (18%) and Blacks (16%), with Whites (14%) having the lowest prevalence. Hispanics' poorer mental health was largely due to their socioeconomic disadvantages. Within Asians, Southeast Asians (29%), Koreans (27%), and South Asians (22%) exhibited the highest prevalence of severe distress. Their worse mental health was mainly mediated by experienced discrimination and perceived racial bias.
conclusionsPurposefully tackling racial prejudice and discrimination is necessary to alleviate the disproportionate psychological distress burden in racial-ethnic minority groups.
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