ReviewSignal transduction and targeted therapy2023
The blood-brain barrier: structure, regulation, and drug delivery.
Review in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 914 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
914 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,365 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of AI-assisted drug repurposing in neurological disorders: a systematic review of validation strategies, challenges and opportunities.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Pooled it
- Orally activatable membrane fusion-mitochondria hitchhiking on intestinal macrophages for targeted therapy of bacterial meningitis and neuroinflammation.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Defining biomaterial-driven design principles for bioabsorbable flow diverters: current state and perspectives.Bioactive materials · 2027Review
- Cell swelling and upright mounting-based imaging for high-resolution visualization of intracellular trafficking across the BBB using conventional confocal microscopy.Drug delivery · 2026Article
- Overcoming the blood‒brain barrier: nanomedicine strategies for targeted delivery and multimodal therapy in Alzheimer's disease.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Biomimetic membrane-coated metal nanoplatforms for enhanced BBB penetration and targeted glioblastoma therapy.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Trichodermin exhibits potent anti-glioblastoma activity by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, suppressing invasion, and enhancing temozolomide efficacy.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening enhances delivery of Rg3 ginseng nanoparticles in a Parkinson's disease mouse model.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Article
- Advancement in therapeutic application of quantum dots in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: current opportunities and challenges.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Systemic health impact of cancer-associated extracellular vesicles and particles.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- The neuroimmune-glutamate hypothesis of addiction.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2026Review
- Reprogramming PD-L1 endosomal recycling and lysosomal degradation via engineered exosome-based nanocomposites overcomes immune resistance in lung cancer brain metastasis.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Human blood-brain barrier tissue model to characterize lipid nanoparticle delivery and transport mechanisms.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- From Design to Bedside: Brain-Targeted Engineered Nanoparticles and Predictive Modeling for Neurodegenerative Diseases Therapeutics.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Cetuximab-loaded self-assembled polymeric nanoparticles for the integrin-targeted therapy of glioblastoma.JCIS open · 2026Article
- Targeting Microglial Transcriptional Reprogramming as a Therapy Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026Review
- A Neutrophil Membrane-Encapsulated Pd/hCeOAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A BSCB-Penetrating Nanoplatform for Enhanced Luteolin Delivery in PRMT2-Targeted Epigenetic Therapy of Spinal Cord Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Establishment of an in vitro human blood-brain barrier model for antiviral screening against neurotropic viruses.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
854 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous system (CNS) from toxins and pathogens in blood. However, the presence of BBB complicates the pharmacotherapy for CNS disorders as the most chemical drugs and biopharmaceuticals have been impeded to enter the brain. Insufficient drug delivery into the brain leads to low therapeutic efficacy as well as aggravated side effects due to the accumulation in other organs and tissues. Recent breakthrough in materials science and nanotechnology provides a library of advanced materials with customized structure and property serving as a powerful toolkit for targeted drug delivery. In-depth research in the field of anatomical and pathological study on brain and BBB further facilitates the development of brain-targeted strategies for enhanced BBB crossing. In this review, the physiological structure and different cells contributing to this barrier are summarized. Various emerging strategies for permeability regulation and BBB crossing including passive transcytosis, intranasal administration, ligands conjugation, membrane coating, stimuli-triggered BBB disruption, and other strategies to overcome BBB obstacle are highlighted. Versatile drug delivery systems ranging from organic, inorganic, and biologics-derived materials with their synthesis procedures and unique physio-chemical properties are summarized and analyzed. This review aims to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive guideline for researchers in diverse fields, offering perspectives on further development of brain-targeted drug delivery system.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.