Geographic dispersion and racial disparities in homeownership among Puerto Ricans.

The U.S. mainland Puerto Rican population has experienced dramatic growth and geographic dispersion in recent decades. Once overwhelmingly concentrated in the Northeast, especially New York City, Puerto Rican populations have grown dramatically in newer destinations such as Orlando, Florida. While the implications of dispersion for status attainment have received significant scholarly attention for Latinos as a whole, variation across national origin groups are less well understood. Owing to their unique racial and socioeconomic composition and historical settlement patterns, the impact of dispersion on dimensions such as homeownership could be particularly important for Puerto Ricans, since it implies a dramatic change in housing and economic context. This paper draws on U.S. Census data to examine the impact of metropolitan context, including a typology of destination types that reflects dispersion patterns, on Puerto Rican homeownership. A central objective is evaluating how location shapes racial inequality within the group, as well as the homeownership gaps between Puerto Ricans and non-Latino White, non-Latino Black, and other Latino Americans. Results show that metropolitan context, including housing conditions, residential segregation, and type of co-ethnic community, helps explain inequality among Puerto Ricans and relative to other groups. Thus, dispersion not only boosts Puerto Rican homeownership overall, it also contributes to narrowing inequality between Puerto Ricans and others, and racial inequality among Puerto Ricans.