ArticleDisease markers2023
Identifying Hub Genes and miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Networks in Mice Infected with H1N1 Influenza Virus.
Article in Disease markers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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0 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
H1N1 influenza virus is a major factor in seasonal influenza outbreaks. After the body is infected with the influenza virus, the expression of certain mRNAs, including miRNAs, could be affected. However, the association between these mRNAs and miRNAs remains unclear. This study is aimed at identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEmiRs) caused by H1N1 influenza virus infection and constructing a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Nine GSE datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, of which seven were mRNA data and two were miRNA data. The limma package in R language package was used to analyze array data, and edgeR package was used to analyze high-throughput sequencing data. At the same time, the genes related to H1N1 infection were further screened by WGCNA analysis. DEGs were subjected to Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses by DAVID database, while the STRING database predicted the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The correspondence between miRNA and target mRNA was analyzed by the miRWalk database. Cytoscape software was used to output PPI results, identify hub genes, and construct a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. 114 DEGs and 37 candidate DEmiRs were identified for subsequent analysis. These DEGs were significantly enriched in response to the virus, cytokine activity, and symbiont-containing vacuole membrane. According to KEGG analysis, DEGs were enriched in PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway. The key point Cd274 (PD-L1) was highly expressed in the H1N1-infected group. Finally, a potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory network (containing 8 candidate DEmiRs and 69 candidate DEGs) and a PPI network were constructed. After that, three hub genes were identified: Ifit3, Stat2, and Irf7. These hub genes and Cd274 were validated by another independent high-throughput dataset and were highly expressed pattern. This study will help researchers gain insights into the intrinsic effects of H1N1 influenza virus infection on the host and suggest a novel association of H1N1 virus with the host immune system.
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