ArticleAdvances in pediatric research2020
High facial specificity and positive predictive value are required to diagnose fetal alcohol syndrome when prenatal alcohol exposure is unknown.
Article in Advances in pediatric research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increased Prevalence of Rare Copy Number Variants in Australian Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Experience in a State-Wide Diagnostic Service.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and access to regional center services in San Diego County.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFacial criteria with high specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) to prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) are required to diagnose fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) when documentation of PAE is unavailable. Not all fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) diagnostic guidelines appear to meet these criteria.
methodsA dataset generated from a 10-year FAS screening of 1,602 children in fostercare conducted by the University of Washington FAS Diagnostic & Prevention Network was used to determine how well the FAS facial phenotype, microcephaly and growth deficiency (individually and in combination at varying levels of magnitude) predicted PAE.
resultsThe 4-Digit-Code Rank 4 FAS facial phenotype was the only outcome that provided sufficient PPV and specificity to PAE (100%) to allow the facial phenotype to serve as confirmation of PAE in a diagnostic setting when PAE is unknown. Even minimal relaxation of the phenotype (e.g., Face Rank 3) resulted in PPV (35%) and specificity (88.7%) values too low to use as confirmation of PAE. Further relaxation of the facial criteria, as defined by the Hoyme et al., 2016 FASD guidelines, resulted in even lower PPV (17.9%) and specificity (76.6%); both too low to serve as confirmation of PAE in a diagnostic setting. The presence of all three physical features of FAS (Hoyme et al FAS facial phenotype, growth and OFC ≤10
conclusionsFASD diagnostic guidelines that use relaxed criteria for the FAS facial phenotype risk misdiagnosing and over-diagnosing FAS and partial FAS when PAE is unknown.
Indexed as
Identifiers
37228766PMC10208451W4378347578What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.