ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2023
1-Year Incidence of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease Among Household Contacts of Rifampin- and Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Screening and tuberculosis preventive treatment among household contacts of drug-resistant tuberculosis patients: a scoping review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Preventing Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: The Dawn of a New Era.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Review
- Article
- Protecting households on exposure to newly diagnosed index multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients: Study protocol for the PHOENIx phase 3 clinical trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- Malnutrition is a risk factor for tuberculosis disease among household contacts: A case-control study in Uganda.IJID regions · 2024Article
- Impacts of MDR/XDR-TB on the global tuberculosis epidemic: Challenges and opportunities.Current research in microbial sciences · 2024Review
- Understanding tuberculosis transmission and progression: A prospective cohort study of index cases and close contacts in Moldova.PloS one · 2024Article
- Tuberculosis among young contacts of patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in a reference hospital.Jornal de pediatriaArticle
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 20 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTuberculosis infection (TBI) and TB disease (TBD) incidence remains poorly described following household contact (HHC) rifampin-/multidrug-resistant TB exposure. We sought to characterize TBI and TBD incidence at 1 year in HHCs and to evaluate TB preventive treatment (TPT) use in high-risk groups.
methodsWe previously conducted a cross-sectional study of HHCs with rifampin-/multidrug-resistant TB in 8 high-burden countries and reassessed TBI (interferon-gamma release assay, HHCs aged ≥5 years) and TBD (HHCs all ages) at 1 year. Incidence was estimated across age and risk groups (<5 years; ≥5 years, diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]; ≥5 years, not diagnosed with HIV/unknown, baseline TBI-positive) by logistic or log-binomial regression fitted using generalized estimating equations.
resultsOf 1016 HHCs, 850 (83.7%) from 247 households were assessed (median, 51.4 weeks). Among 242 HHCs, 52 tested interferon-gamma release assay-positive, yielding a 1-year 21.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.7-27.4) TBI cumulative incidence. Sixteen of 742 HHCs developed confirmed (n = 5), probable (n = 3), or possible (n = 8) TBD, yielding a 2.3% (95% CI, 1.4-3.8) 1-year cumulative incidence (1.1%; 95% CI, .5-2.2 for confirmed/probable TBD). TBD relative risk was 11.5-fold (95% CI, 1.7-78.7), 10.4-fold (95% CI, 2.4-45.6), and 2.9-fold (95% CI, .5-17.8) higher in age <5 years, diagnosed with HIV, and baseline TBI high-risk groups, respectively, vs the not high-risk group (P = .0015). By 1 year, 4% (21 of 553) of high-risk HHCs had received TPT.
conclusionsTBI and TBD incidence continued through 1 year in rifampin-/multidrug-resistant TB HHCs. Low TPT coverage emphasizes the need for evidence-based prevention and scale-up, particularly among high-risk groups.
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