Trial reportDiabetes care2023
Association of Timing of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity With Changes in Glycemic Control Over 4 Years in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes From the Look AHEAD Trial.
Trial report in Diabetes care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of aerobic exercise on 24-hour mean blood glucose levels measured by continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Morning exercise and pre-breakfast metformin interact to reduce glycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover trial.The Journal of physiology · 2024Trial
- Timing matters: diurnal variation of maximal fat oxidation and substrate oxidation rates in metabolic syndrome-a randomized crossover study.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Trial
- Optimizing timing of exercise to improve metabolic outcomes in obesity and type 2 diabetes.Npj biological timing and sleep · 2026Review
- The dawn phenomenon in diabetes: pathophysiology from periphery to central nervous system and circadian rhythm-based therapeutic strategies.Acta diabetologica · 2026Review
- Unlocking the potential of circadian biology for cardiovascular health.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Muscle movement and metabolism: exercise and skeletal muscle as mediators of health-a report from the 26th Annual Harvard Nutrition Obesity Symposium, 2025.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (PMSC-EVs) as an Innovative Therapy for Diabetic Wound Healing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Reallocating morning physical activity to later-day activity and its association with type 2 diabetes incidence: The Maastricht Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Associations of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Timing With Type 2 Diabetes Incidence in UK Biobank and Prevalent Glycemic Measures in NHANES.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- The Association of the Timing of Physical Activity with Cardiometabolic Health in Diabetes: An IMI2 SOPHIA Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Causal inference between physical activity and chronic diseases: Insights from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Sports medicine and health science · 2025Article
- Muscle Rev-erb controls time-dependent adaptations to chronic exercise in mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- High-resolution lifestyle profiling and metabolic subphenotypes of type 2 diabetes.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Diurnal timing of physical activity in relation to obesity and diabetes in the German National Cohort (NAKO).International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Observational
- Associations between the timing of 24 h physical activity and diabetes mellitus: results from a nationally representative sample of the US population.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Timing of resistance exercise and cardiometabolic outcomes in adults with prediabetes: a secondary analysis.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2025Article
- Longitudinal timing of physical activity and associated cardiometabolic and behavioral health outcomes in young adults.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025Article
- Clockwork conditioning: Aligning the skeletal muscle clock with time-of-day exercise for cardiometabolic health.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe aimed to determine the association of the time-of-day of bout-related moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (bMVPA) with changes in glycemic control across 4 years in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsAmong 2,416 participants (57% women; mean age, 59 years) with 7-day waist-worn accelerometry recording at year 1 or 4, we assigned bMVPA timing groups based on the participants' temporal distribution of bMVPA at year 1 and recategorized them at year 4. The time-varying exposure of bMVPA (≥10-min bout) timing was defined as ≥50% of bMVPA occurring during the same time period (morning, midday, afternoon, or evening), <50% of bMVPA in any time period (mixed), and ≤1 day with bMVPA per week (inactive).
resultsHbA1c reduction at year 1 varied among bMVPA timing groups (P = 0.02), independent of weekly bMVPA volume and intensity. The afternoon group had the greatest HbA1c reduction versus inactive (-0.22% [95%CI -0.39%, -0.06%]), the magnitude of which was 30-50% larger than the other groups. The odds of discontinuation versus maintaining or initiating glucose-lowering medications at year 1 differed by bMVPA timing (P = 0.04). The afternoon group had the highest odds (odds ratio 2.13 [95% CI 1.29, 3.52]). For all the year-4 bMVPA timing groups, there were no significant changes in HbA1c between year 1 and 4.
conclusionsbMVPA performed in the afternoon is associated with improvements in glycemic control in adults with diabetes, especially within the initial 12 months of an intervention. Experimental studies are needed to examine causality.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.