Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37226221›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2023

Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of Egyptians towards antibiotic use in the community: can we do better?

Lina Maarouf, Mohamed Amin, Benjamin A Evans, Alaa Abouelfetouh

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Ceftaroline Exhibits PromisingInternational journal of microbiology · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Pattern of antibiotic use among children caregivers: a cross-sectional study.The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association · 2024
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Lina MaaroufDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 Khartoum Sq, Azarita, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
Mohamed AminDepartment of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, New Alamein City, 51718, Egypt.
Benjamin A EvansNorwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Alaa AbouelfetouhDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 Khartoum Sq, Azarita, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt. alaa.abouelfetouh@pharmacy.alexu.edu.eg.
AlAlamein International University · EGUniversity of East Anglia · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInfectious diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide. This is concerning because of the increasing capacity of the pathogens to develop antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic overuse and misuse remain the main drivers of resistance development. In the USA and Europe, annual campaigns raise awareness of antibiotic misuse hazards and promote their judicial use. Similar efforts are lacking in Egypt. This study assessed the knowledge of the public in Alexandria, Egypt of antibiotic misuse risks and their habits towards antibiotic use, in addition to conducting a campaign to increase awareness of the safe use of antibiotics.

methodsA questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitudes and behaviour towards antibiotics was used to collect responses from study participants at various sports clubs in Alexandria in 2019. An awareness campaign to correct misconceptions and a post awareness survey followed.

resultsMost of the participants were well-educated (85%), in their middle age (51%) and took antibiotics last year (80%). 22% would take an antibiotic for common cold. This dropped to 7% following the awareness. There was a 1.6 time increase in participants who would start an antibiotic on a healthcare professional's advice following the campaign. A 1.3 time increase in participants who would finish an antibiotic regimen was also observed. The campaign made all participants recognize that unwise antibiotic use is harmful to them or others; and 1.5 more participants would spread the word about antibiotic resistance. Despite learning of the risks of antibiotic use, there was no change in how often participants thought they should take antibiotics.

conclusionsAlthough awareness of antibiotic resistance is rising, some wrong perceptions hold fast. This highlights the need for patient and healthcare-tailored awareness sessions as part of a structured and national public health program directed to the Egyptian population.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeEgyptEuropeHealth FacilitiesHumansMiddle AgedAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntibiotic resistanceAwareness campaign, Educational interventionCommon coldThe theory of planned behaviour

Identifiers

PMID37226221
PMCPMC10210355
OpenAlexW4377982395

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.