Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37226201›Full record

ArticleBMC biology2023

Genomic, functional and structural analyses elucidate evolutionary innovation within the sea anemone 8 toxin family.

Lauren M Ashwood, Khaled A Elnahriry, Zachary K Stewart, Thomas Shafee, Muhammad Umair Naseem, Tibor G Szanto, Chloé A van der Burg, Hayden L Smith, Joachim M Surm, Eivind A B Undheim and 13 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC biology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
17.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Crude Venom from Sea AnemoneMarine drugs · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
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  10. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.

Lauren M Ashwood *School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia. lauren.ashwood@qimrberghofer.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0002-2718-2487
Khaled A Elnahriry *Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
Zachary K StewartCentre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
Thomas ShafeeDepartment of Animal Plant & Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Muhammad Umair NaseemDepartment of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
Tibor G SzantoDepartment of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
Chloé A van der BurgSchool of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
Hayden L SmithSchool of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
Joachim M SurmDepartment of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel.
Eivind A B UndheimDepartment of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1066, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
Bruno MadioInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Brett R HamiltonCentre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Shaodong GuoInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Dorothy C C WaiMedicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
Victoria L CoyneResearch Infrastructure, Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
Matthew J PhillipsSchool of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
Kevin J DudleySchool of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
David A HurwoodSchool of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
Gyorgy PanyiDepartment of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
Glenn F KingInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Ana PavasovicSchool of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
Raymond S NortonMedicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
Peter J PrentisSchool of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
Queensland University of Technology · AUThe University of Queensland · AUMonash University · AUUniversity of Debrecen · HUHebrew University of Jerusalem · ILLa Trobe University · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe ShK toxin from Stichodactyla helianthus has established the therapeutic potential of sea anemone venom peptides, but many lineage-specific toxin families in Actiniarians remain uncharacterised. One such peptide family, sea anemone 8 (SA8), is present in all five sea anemone superfamilies. We explored the genomic arrangement and evolution of the SA8 gene family in Actinia tenebrosa and Telmatactis stephensoni, characterised the expression patterns of SA8 sequences, and examined the structure and function of SA8 from the venom of T. stephensoni.

resultsWe identified ten SA8-family genes in two clusters and six SA8-family genes in five clusters for T. stephensoni and A. tenebrosa, respectively. Nine SA8 T. stephensoni genes were found in a single cluster, and an SA8 peptide encoded by an inverted SA8 gene from this cluster was recruited to venom. We show that SA8 genes in both species are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and the inverted SA8 gene has a unique tissue distribution. While the functional activity of the SA8 putative toxin encoded by the inverted gene was inconclusive, its tissue localisation is similar to toxins used for predator deterrence. We demonstrate that, although mature SA8 putative toxins have similar cysteine spacing to ShK, SA8 peptides are distinct from ShK peptides based on structure and disulfide connectivity.

conclusionsOur results provide the first demonstration that SA8 is a unique gene family in Actiniarians, evolving through a variety of structural changes including tandem and proximal gene duplication and an inversion event that together allowed SA8 to be recruited into the venom of T. stephensoni.

Indexed as

Sea AnemonesAnimalsChromosome InversionCysteineDisulfidesGenomicsCysteineDisulfidesDisulfide connectivityGenomeNeofunctionalizationPeptide synthesisSea anemoneToxin evolution

Identifiers

PMID37226201
PMCPMC10210398
OpenAlexW4378173000

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.