ArticleNature food2023
Cocoa plantations are associated with deforestation in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana.
Article in Nature food, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rainfall extremes drive cocoa yield losses across the tropics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Adulterants in Cocoa Powder Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Impacts of Industrial Crop Production by Smallholders on Household Food Security in Ghana: Evidence From the Oil Palm Sector.Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Significant Land Cover Transitions and Regional Acceleration at the Continental Scale of Africa over the Last Four Decades.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Technical Feasibility, Quality and Environmental Impact of a Partial Replacement of Cocoa Nibs with Cocoa Bean Hulls in Chocolate Bars.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Global patterns of commodity-driven deforestation and associated carbon emissions.Nature food · 2026Article
- Comparing corporate sustainability programmes, social entrepreneurship, and cooperatives in shaping farmers' well-being.Communications sustainability · 2026Article
- Effect of Agroforestry and Cocoa-Producing Geographical Origin on the Sensory Profile of Beans and Chocolates in the Climate Change Context in Côte d'Ivoire.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Natural forests of the world - a 2020 baseline for deforestation and degradation monitoring.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Engaging Sustainable Reforestation and Forest Protection in the Wallacea Line, Indonesia.F1000Research · 2025Review
- Digital innovations for monitoring sustainability in food systems.Nature food · 2024Review
- Landscape-Scale Biodiversity Impacts Analysis of Côte d'Ivoire's Cocoa Cultivation along Export Supply Chains.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Machine Learning as a Strategic Tool for Helping Cocoa Farmers in Côte D'Ivoire.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana, the world's largest producers of cocoa, account for two thirds of the global cocoa production. In both countries, cocoa is the primary perennial crop, providing income to almost two million farmers. Yet precise maps of the area planted with cocoa are missing, hindering accurate quantification of expansion in protected areas, production and yields and limiting information available for improved sustainability governance. Here we combine cocoa plantation data with publicly available satellite imagery in a deep learning framework and create high-resolution maps of cocoa plantations for both countries, validated in situ. Our results suggest that cocoa cultivation is an underlying driver of over 37% of forest loss in protected areas in Côte d'Ivoire and over 13% in Ghana, and that official reports substantially underestimate the planted area (up to 40% in Ghana). These maps serve as a crucial building block to advance our understanding of conservation and economic development in cocoa-producing regions.
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