ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2023
Preliminary Study on the Development of Caffeine Oral Solid Form 3D Printed by Semi-Solid Extrusion for Application in Neonates.
Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Losartan Potassium Tablets Using Semi-Solid Extrusion: The Effect of Geometry, Drug Loading and Superdisintegrant.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Revealing Three-Dimensional Printing Technology Advances for Oral Drug Delivery: Application to Central-Nervous-System-Related Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Novel Soft Dosage Forms for Paediatric Applications: Can We 3D-Print Them or Not?Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Development of Personalised Immediate-Release Gel-Based Formulations Using Semi-Solid Extrusion.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Real-World Evidence of 3D Printing of Personalised Paediatric Medicines and Evaluating Its Potential in Children with Cancer: A Scoping Review.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Pediatric Formulations Developed by Extrusion-Based 3D Printing: From Past Discoveries to Future Prospects.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Potentially Harmful Excipients: State of the Art for Oral Liquid Forms Used in Neonatology and Pediatrics Units.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Apnea of prematurity can be treated with a body-weight-adjusted dosage of caffeine. Semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing represents an interesting approach to finely tailor personalized doses of active ingredients. To improve compliance and ensure the right dose in infants, drug delivery systems such as oral solid forms (orodispersible film, dispersive form, and mucoadhesive form) can be considered. The aim of this work was to obtain a flexible-dose system of caffeine by SSE 3D printing by testing different excipients and printing parameters. Gelling agents (sodium alginate (SA) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC)) were used to obtain a drug-loaded hydrogel matrix. Disintegrants (sodium croscarmellose (SC) and crospovidone (CP)) were tested for get rapid release of caffeine. The 3D models were patterned by computer-aided design with variable thickness, diameter, infill densities, and infill patterns. The oral forms produced from the formulation containing 35% caffeine, 8.2% SA, 4.8% HPMC, and 52% SC (w/w) were found to have good printability, achieving doses approaching to those used in neonatology (between 3 and 10 mg of caffeine for infants weighing approximately between 1 and 4 kg). However, disintegrants, especially SC, acted more as binder/filler, showing interesting properties to maintain the shape after extrusion and enhance printability without a significant effect on caffeine release.
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