Observational studyJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry2023
Early autoimmunity and outcome in virus encephalitis: a retrospective study based on tissue-based assay.
Observational study in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infection as a potential trigger in glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: a case report and review of immunotherapeutic strategies.BMC neurology · 2026Pooled it
- EBV-associated autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy with lumbosacral leptomeningeal enhancement: a case report and literature review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Co-occurrence of viral encephalitis and autoimmune encephalitis: overlapping peaks encephalitis or coincidence condition?BMC neurology · 2026Article
- A case of novel meningoencephalomyelitis associated with vimentin IgG autoantibodies.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy with concomitant Epstein-Barr virus positivity: a case series of 12 patients and literature review.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Clinical features associated with cerebrospinal fluid Epstein-Barr virus positivity in autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Observational
- Web of Science-Based Visualization of Mapping Global Scientific Production on Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Autoimmune Diseases: A Bibliometric Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Case report: anti-argonaute antibodies in Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Neural autoantibodies in psychiatric disorders are associated with antibodies against viral pathogens: a retrospective study of 619 patients.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Clinical features and risk factors for Epstein-Barr virus-associated encephalitis: a retrospective cohort study.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Novel Perspectives Focused on the Relationship Between Herpesvirus Encephalitis and Anti-GFAP-Antibody-Positive Astrocytopathy.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Novel Meningoencephalomyelitis Associated With Vimentin IgG Autoantibodies.JAMA neurology · 2025Article
- A Comparative Study of 141 Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Immunoglobulin G Positive Cases.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics of overlapping syndrome in patients with GFAP-IgG and MOG-IgG: a case series of 8 patients and literature review.Journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Clinical characteristics of double negative atypical inflammatory demyelinating disease: A prospective study.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Article
- Autoimmune astrocytopathy double negative for AQP4-IgG and GFAP-IgG: Retrospective research of clinical practice, biomarkers, and pathology.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- The EBV connection: a severe case of GFAP-A with central hypoventilation unresponsive to IVIG and literature review.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Clinical and genetic characteristics of ALS patients with variants in genes regulating DNA methylation.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Article
- Clinical characteristics and MRI features of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: a case series of 34 patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
42 authors at 20 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To explore the autoimmune response and outcome in the central nervous system (CNS) at the onset of viral infection and correlation between autoantibodies and viruses.
methodsA retrospective observational study was conducted in 121 patients (2016-2021) with a CNS viral infection confirmed via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) next-generation sequencing (cohort A). Their clinical information was analysed and CSF samples were screened for autoantibodies against monkey cerebellum by tissue-based assay. In situ hybridisation was used to detect Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in brain tissue of 8 patients with glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP)-IgG and nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue of 2 patients with GFAP-IgG as control (cohort B).
resultsAmong cohort A (male:female=79:42; median age: 42 (14-78) years old), 61 (50.4%) participants had detectable autoantibodies in CSF. Compared with other viruses, EBV increased the odds of having GFAP-IgG (OR 18.22, 95% CI 6.54 to 50.77, p<0.001). In cohort B, EBV was found in the brain tissue from two of eight (25.0%) patients with GFAP-IgG. Autoantibody-positive patients had a higher CSF protein level (median: 1126.00 (281.00-5352.00) vs 700.00 (76.70-2899.00), p<0.001), lower CSF chloride level (mean: 119.80±6.24 vs 122.84±5.26, p=0.005), lower ratios of CSF-glucose/serum-glucose (median: 0.50[0.13-0.94] vs 0.60[0.26-1.23],
conclusionsAutoimmune responses are found at the onset of viral encephalitis. EBV in the CNS increases the risk for autoimmunity to GFAP.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.