ReviewPreventive medicine reports2023
Correlates of screen time in the early years (0-5 years): A systematic review.
Review in Preventive medicine reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Impact of Modifiable Parenting Factors on the Screen Use of Children Five Years or Younger: A Systematic Review.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2025Pooled it
- Barriers to Reducing Children's Screen Time and Associated Factors Among Mothers of Under-Five Children in Woliso City Administration, Oromia Ethiopia: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2026Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorder and Health-Determining Behaviors: Assessing Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep with the National Survey of Children's Health.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Views of preschool-age children's screen time among mothers with low incomes.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2026Article
- Screen Time, Unhealthy Eating Behaviors, and Associated Health Risks in Children: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Virtual Dementia in the Digital Age: Neurocognitive Mechanisms, Behavioural Impact and Public Health Implications of Technology Overuse.Annals of neurosciences · 2026Review
- Associations of Family Physical Activity Support and 24-Hour Movement Behaviors with Physical Fitness in Preschool Children: A Focus on MVPA.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Screen Time and Social Development Through Play in Early Childhood: A Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exploring Caregiver Perceptions of Child Sleep Quality Among a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Sample: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Excessive screen time and its associated factors among under-5 children in Woliso City Administration, Central Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Overprotective parenting and preschoolers' physical activity and screen time: cross-sectional findings from the DAGIS survey.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Article
- The Effects of Family-Based Programs on Preschool Children's Screen Time: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Screen time in preschool-aged children and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-related behaviors: A literature review.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- Exploring sleep outcomes in youth across settings: Are there differences based on rurality or medically underserved status in the ECHO cohort?Sleep medicine · 2026Article
- The Association Between Parental Phubbing and Preschoolers' Excessive Electronic Media Use: The Chain Mediating Role of Parent-Child Attachment and Self-Control.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- 24-hour Movement Behaviors in Minority Children from Low-income Families in the U.S.Advances in social sciences and management · 2026Article
- Digital screen exposure in infants, children and adolescents: a systematic review of existing recommendations.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Associations between parent-child outdoor visits and preschool-aged children's screen time: a cross-sectional study.Journal of activity, sedentary and sleep behaviors · 2025Article
- Article
- Developing International Consensus on Key Indicators for a 24-Hour Movement Behaviour Report Card in Early Childhood: A Twin-Panel Delphi Study.Sports medicine - open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The majority of young children engage in high levels of screen time. To inform future interventions, knowledge on correlates of screen time is important. This review expands on previous work by focusing on the entire early childhood range, and including a broad focus regarding types of correlates and screens. A literature search (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus) was performed from 2000 up to October 2021. Included studies (cross-sectional and prospective) examined associations between a potential correlate and screen time (duration or frequency) in typically developing, apparently healthy children aged 0-5 years. Methodological quality was assessed by two independent researchers. Fifty-two of 6,614 studies were included. Two studies had high methodological quality. We found moderate evidence for a positive association between an electronic device in the bedroom, parental screen time, having a TV on at home, descriptive norms and screen time, and a negative association between sleep duration, household features, high value on physical activity, monitoring screen time, being in childcare, parental self-efficacy and screen time. We found no evidence for an association for child sex, body mass index, physical activity, temperament, number of siblings, being a first-born, neighborhood-related factors, socio-economic indicators, and parental marital status, physical activity, weight status, depression, wellbeing, sex, age and positive outcome expectations. The evidence for other investigated correlates was inconsistent or insufficient. Despite the evidence for moderate associations, we were unable to draw strong conclusions. More high-quality research is needed to identify correlates of screen time in early childhood.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.