ArticleResearch (Washington, D.C.)2023
Multimaterial Embedded 3D Printing of Composite Reinforced Soft Actuators.
Article in Research (Washington, D.C.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Stretchable, Self-Healing, and Processable Bioelastomers Enabled by Highly Branched Cross-Linking Networks for Flexible Electronics.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Integrated 3D Printing of Liquid Metal and Elastomer for Soft Robots and Electronics.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Design and Machine Learning Modeling of a Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Bionic Pneumatic Soft Actuator.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Printability in Multi-material Projection-Based 3-Dimensional Bioprinting.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Immersion Phase Separation 3-Dimensional Printing for Strain-Stiffening Hydrogel Scaffolds.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Continuous Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) have attracted enormous attention in the growing field of robotics. Among different SPAs, composite reinforced actuators (CRAs) are widely used because of their simple structure and high controllability. However, multistep molding, a time-consuming method, is still the predominant fabrication method. Here, we propose a multimaterial embedded printing method (ME3P) to fabricate CRAs. In comparison with other 3-dimensional printing methods, our method improves fabrication flexibility greatly. Via the design and fabrication of the reinforced composites' patterns and different geometries of the soft body, we demonstrate actuators with programmable responses (elongation, contraction, twisting, bending, and helical and omnidirectional bending). Finite element analysis is employed for the prediction of pneumatic responses and the inverse design of actuators based on specific actuation needs. Lastly, we use tube-crawling robots as a model system to demonstrate our ability to fabricate complex soft robots for practical applications. This work demonstrates the versatility of ME3P for the future manufacturing of CRA-based soft robots.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.