ArticlemicroLife2021
Host-derived extracellular vesicles for antimicrobial defense.
Article in microLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antibiotic-Free Strategies for Managing Antimicrobial-Resistant Infections.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Host-to-Pathogen Transfer of Neutrophil Components via Extracellular Vesicles Shields Candida albicans From Immune Attack in Human Blood.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- EV-LYSG101: Extracellular Vesicles Loaded With Lysin LYSG101 for Potent Anti-Staphylococcal Activity.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Perspective Approaches to "Trojan Horse" Strategy Development for Combating Bacterial Pathogens.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Biofluid-derived exosomes as next-generation biotherapeutic platforms to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles InhibitAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mango Fruits.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- In Vitro and Animal Studies of Human Natural Killer Cell-Derived Exosomes for the Treatment of Otitis Media.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Article
- Ginseng Nanosizing: The Second Spring of Ginseng Therapeutic Applications.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Antibiotic carry over is a confounding factor for cell-based antimicrobial research applications.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Antibiotic stress affects the secretion and physicochemical features of extracellular vesicles produced by Helicobacter pylori.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Stability Dynamics of Plant-Based Extracellular Vesicles Drug Delivery.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Tissue nano-transfection of antimicrobial genes drives bacterial biofilm killing in wounds and is potentially mediated by extracellular vesicles.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Article
- Unveiling the promise: Exosomes as game-changers in anti-infective therapy.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2024Review
- Harnessing Nature's Defence: The Antimicrobial Efficacy of Pasteurised Cattle Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles onInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Unseen Weapons: Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles as therapeutics for inflammation and infection.Current opinion in biotechnology · 2024Review
- Extracellular Vesicles from a Biofilm of a Clinical Isolate ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicles: an emerging tool for wild immunology.Discovery immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are of increasing importance in the clinic, as diagnostics for complex diseases and as potential delivery systems for therapeutics. Over the past several decades, extracellular vesicles have emerged as a widespread, conserved mechanism of intercellular and interkingdom communication. The ubiquitous distribution of extracellular vesicles across life offers at least two compelling opportunities: first a path forward in the design of targeted antimicrobial delivery systems; and second, a new way to view host pathogenesis during infection. Both avenues of research are well underway. In particular, preliminary studies showing that plant and human host-derived extracellular vesicles can deliver natural antimicrobial cargos to invading fungal and bacterial pathogens are captivating. Further, modification of host extracellular vesicle populations may ultimately lead to enhanced killing and serve as a starting point for the development of more advanced therapeutic options, especially against difficult to treat pathogens. Despite the rapid pace of growth surrounding extracellular vesicle biology, many questions remain unanswered. For example, the heterogeneity of vesicle populations continues to be a confounding factor in ascribing clear functions to a vesicular subset, and the molecular cargos responsible for specific antimicrobial actions of extracellular vesicles during infection remain especially poorly described. In this short review, we will summarize the current state of affairs surrounding the antimicrobial function, and potential, of host-derived extracellular vesicles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.