SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2023
Diagnostic testing for interstitial lung disease in common variable immunodeficiency: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis of granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease in patients with common variable immunodeficiency disorders: an ERS Clinical Research Collaboration.The European respiratory journal · 2026Guideline
- Utility of the 6-minute walk test and health-related quality of life questionnaires in granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease.Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Allergic Diseases in Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence and Allergy Biomarkers of Clinical Phenotypes.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Pulmonary surveillance in inborn errors of immunity: current challenges and emerging approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pulmonary Manifestations of Inborn Errors of Immunity: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Insights.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease in common variable immune deficiency: an in-depth clinical, immunological, functional and radiological exploration with a focus on its management, challenged by chronic CMV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Clinical, immunological, and genetic landscape of common variable immunodeficiency in Morocco: a nationwide multicenter study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- From Dyspnea to Diagnosis: A Pediatric Case Report on an Unexpected Condition.Pediatric pulmonology · 2025Article
- Rare interstitial lung diseases: a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Review
- Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients: a study from Iran.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- Sarcoidosis versus Granulomatous and Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease in Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A Comparative Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Current Practices and Considerations in Lung Biopsy for Suspected Granulomatous-Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinician Survey.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2024Article
- Interstitial lung disease: a review of classification, etiology, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor/White Blood Cell Ratio Reflects Granulomatous Disease Progression in Common Variable Immune Deficiency.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Non-infectious Pulmonary Complications in Children with Primary Immunodeficiency.Clinical medicine insights. Pediatrics · 2023Review
- Granulomatous Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease Mimicking Bronchial Asthma.Open respiratory archivesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 12 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: Common variable immunodeficiency related interstitial lung disease (CVID-ILD, also referred to as GLILD) is generally considered a manifestation of systemic immune dysregulation occurring in up to 20% of people with CVID. There is a lack of evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and management of CVID-ILD. Aim: To systematically review use of diagnostic tests for assessing patients with CVID for possible ILD, and to evaluate their utility and risks. Methods: EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched. Papers reporting information on the diagnosis of ILD in patients with CVID were included. Results: 58 studies were included. Radiology was the investigation modality most commonly used. HRCT was the most reported test, as abnormal radiology often first raised suspicion of CVID-ILD. Lung biopsy was used in 42 (72%) of studies, and surgical lung biopsy had more conclusive results compared to trans-bronchial biopsy (TBB). Analysis of broncho-alveolar lavage was reported in 24 (41%) studies, primarily to exclude infection. Pulmonary function tests, most commonly gas transfer, were widely used. However, results varied from normal to severely impaired, typically with a restrictive pattern and reduced gas transfer. Conclusion: Consensus diagnostic criteria are urgently required to support accurate assessment and monitoring in CVID-ILD. ESID and the ERS e-GLILDnet CRC have initiated a diagnostic and management guideline through international collaboration. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022276337.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.