ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2023
Association of demographics, HCV co-infection, HIV-1 subtypes and genetic clustering with late HIV diagnosis: a retrospective analysis from the Japanese Drug Resistance HIV-1 Surveillance Network.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed.
- From giant components to communities: community-level insights for prioritizing interventions within large clusters of HIV-1 transmission networks.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2027Article
- Medical Consultation and HIV Testing After AI-Based Symptom Check: Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Impact of HIV diagnosis on job separation in Japanese employed men: a retrospective matched cohort study using an administrative claims database.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Temporal Dynamics and Treatment Outcomes of Hepatitis C Virus/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection: A Multicenter Retrospective Study from South Korea.Gut and liver · 2025Article
- Stigma Attitudes Toward HIV/AIDS From 2011 Through 2023 in Japan: Retrospective Study in Japan.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Global prevalence of advanced HIV disease in healthcare settings: a rapid review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Review
- Observational
- Identification of new circulating recombinant form of HIV-1 CRF139_02B in Japan, and search for the origin.Global health & medicine · 2024Article
- Population-based nanopore sequencing of the HIV-1 pangenome to identify drug resistance mutations.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Risk Factors for Late HIV Presentation in Patients Treated at a Single Belgian Reference Centre from 2018 to 2022.Infectious disease reports · 2024Article
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Abstract
introductionLate diagnosis of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major concern epidemiologically, socially and for national healthcare systems. Although the association of certain demographics with late HIV diagnosis has been reported in several studies, the association of other factors, including clinical and phylogenetic factors, remains unclear. In the present study, we conducted a nationwide analysis to explore the association of demographics, clinical factors, HIV-1 subtypes/circulating recombinant form (CRFs) and genetic clustering with late HIV diagnosis in Japan, where new infections mainly occur among young men who have sex with men (MSM) in urban areas.
methodsAnonymized data on demographics, clinical factors and HIV genetic sequences from 39.8% of people newly diagnosed with HIV in Japan were collected by the Japanese Drug Resistance HIV-1 Surveillance Network from 2003 to 2019. Factors associated with late HIV diagnosis (defined as HIV diagnosis with a CD4 count <350 cells/μl) were identified using logistic regression. Clusters were identified by HIV-TRACE with a genetic distance threshold of 1.5%.
resultsOf the 9422 people newly diagnosed with HIV enrolled in the surveillance network between 2003 and 2019, 7752 individuals with available CD4 count at diagnosis were included. Late HIV diagnosis was observed in 5522 (71.2%) participants. The overall median CD4 count at diagnosis was 221 (IQR: 62-373) cells/μl. Variables independently associated with late HIV diagnosis included age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.21, 95% CI 1.88-2.59, ≥45 vs. ≤29 years), heterosexual transmission (aOR 1.34, 95% CI 1.11-1.62, vs. MSM), living outside of Tokyo (aOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05-1.32), hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection (aOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.01-1.98) and not belonging to a cluster (aOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.12-1.51). CRF07_BC (aOR 0.34, 95% CI 0.18-0.65, vs. subtype B) was negatively associated with late HIV diagnosis.
conclusionsIn addition to demographic factors, HCV co-infection, HIV-1 subtypes/CRFs and not belonging to a cluster were independently associated with late HIV diagnosis in Japan. These results imply the need for public health programmes aimed at the general population, including but not limited to key populations, to encourage HIV testing.
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