Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37221098›Full record

ArticleTobacco control2024

An overlooked market: loose cigarettes, informal vendors and their implications for tobacco taxation.

Max Gallien, Giovanni Occhiali, Hana Ross

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco control, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. A Cross-Country Study of Cigarette Affordability and Single-Stick Purchases Using Survey Data From African Countries.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. The Extent of Illicit Cigarette Sales in Five Rural Districts of Pakistan: A Cross-sectional Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024
    Article
  7. Single cigarette sales contravene tobacco control policies, Brazil.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2024
    Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Max GallienGovernance Cluster, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK M.Gallien@ids.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-9620-8433
Giovanni OcchialiGovernance Cluster, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3541-5420
Hana RossResearch Unit on the Economics of Excisable Products, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine the features of markets for loose cigarettes in several low-income and middle-income countries and their effects on tobacco control policies, particularly taxation.

designAn analysis of survey data targeting people who smoke in two African, one Southeast Asian and two South Asian countries and retailers across 16 African countries to study loose cigarette markets and examine how prices in these markets move relative to the prices for cigarette packs.

resultsMarkets for loose cigarettes are large, and their consumer base tends to differ from the wider population of people who smoke. Loose cigarette prices are on average higher than those of cigarettes bought in packs, and they respond differently to tax increases, at least partially due to a denomination effect.

conclusionsThe features of the loose cigarette markets present a challenge for tobacco control policy, especially tobacco tax policy. One way to overcome this challenge is to aim for large, rather than incremental, tax increases.

Indexed as

CommerceTaxesTobacco ProductsAfricaDeveloping CountriesHumansPublic PolicySmokingIllegal tobacco productsPricePublic policyTaxation

Identifiers

PMID37221098
PMCPMC11503073

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.