Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37219611›Full record

SynthesisArchives of gynecology and obstetrics2024

Effect of cesarean section on the risk of autism spectrum disorders/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a meta-analysis.

Meiling Chen, Yeting Lin, Chiyuan Yu, Rongrong Fu, Haojie Shentu, Jie Yao, Jianing Huang, Yujing He, Mengjiao Yu

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Meiling Chen *The Public Health College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Yeting Lin *Anesthesiology Department, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Chiyuan Yu *The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Rongrong Fu *The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Haojie ShentuThe Medical Imaging College, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Jie YaoThe Public Health College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Jianing HuangThe Public Health College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Yujing HeThe Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Mengjiao YuEmergency Medical Center, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, 998 North Qianhe Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China. cithyper@163.com.ORCID 0000-0003-2066-6822
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University · CNNingbo No. 2 Hospital · CNHangzhou Medical College · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study was conducted to investigate the relationship between cesarean section (CS) offspring and autism spectrum disorders (ASD)/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

methodsSearching of the databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library) for studies on the relationship between mode of delivery and ASD/ADHD until August 2022. The primary outcome was the incidence of ASD/ADHD in the offspring.

resultsThis meta-analysis included 35 studies (12 cohort studies and 23 case-control studies). Statistical results showed a higher risk of ASD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.25, P < 0.001) and ADHD (OR = 1.11, P < 0.001) in CS offspring compared to the VD group. Partial subgroup analysis showed no difference in ASD risk between CS and VD offspring in sibling-matched groups (OR = 0.98, P = 0.625). The risk of ASD was higher in females (OR = 1.66, P = 0.003) than in males (OR = 1.17, P = 0.004) in the CS offspring compared with the VD group. There was no difference in the risk of ASD between CS under regional anesthesia group and VD group (OR = 1.07, P = 0.173). However, the risk of ASD was higher in the CS offspring under general anesthesia than in the VD offspring (OR = 1.62, P < 0.001). CS offspring developed autism (OR = 1.38, P = 0.011) and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (OR = 1.46, P = 0.004) had a higher risk than VD offspring, but there was no difference in Asperger syndrome (OR = 1.19, P = 0.115). Offspring born via CS had a higher incidence of ADHD in different subgroup analyses (sibling-matched, type of CS, and study design).

conclusionsIn this meta-analysis, CS was a risk factor for ASD/ADHD in offspring compared with VD.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityAutism Spectrum DisorderCesarean SectionFemaleHumansMalePregnancyRisk FactorsSiblingsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderAutism spectrum disordersCesarean sectionMeta-analysisOffspring

Identifiers

PMID37219611
OpenAlexW4377564521

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.