ArticleClinics and practice2023
Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Levels among University Students: Three Years from the Beginning of the Pandemic.
Article in Clinics and practice, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among university students in the post-COVID-19 period: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Associations among stress, anxiety, and depression in postgraduate dental students: a cross-sectional study.BMC medical education · 2026Observational
- Exploring the Expression and Perceived Relational Correlates of Perfectionism in Higher Education: A Multicenter Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Unequal burdens: a scoping review of key social determinants of health affecting wellbeing of international vs. domestic students.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Relation of Anxiety Levels and Objective Structured Clinical Examination among Undergraduate Nursing Students.F1000Research · 2026Article
- Fear of COVID-19: A Comparative Study Among University Students in Peru.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2026Article
- Factors Associated With Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms, Barriers, and Facilitators for Seeking Support Among European University Students: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- The impact of negative events on adolescent sleep quality: the role of negative attention bias and negative emotions.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Academic resilience as a mediator between meaning in life and subjective happiness among undergraduate students at the university of education, Winneba.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms and functional constipation among university students in Eastern China.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Influence of Lifestyle Habits on Psychological Well-Being of University Students: A Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Healthy Pills: A Physical Activity and Meditation Program to Enhance Mental Health and Well-Being in Spanish University Students.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prevalence and correlates of depression among Thai university students: nationwide study.BJPsych open · 2025Article
- The Implementation of a Blended Counseling Intervention in Undergraduate Engineering Students: The Effect on Mental Health.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association between social media use, physical activity level, and depression and anxiety among college students: a cross-cultural comparative study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mental Health and Lifestyle Factors Among Higher Education Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Quality Among Young Adults in Turkiye: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2025Article
- Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among students enrolled at King Khalid University: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and its association to mental health among the private university students of Dhaka, Bangladesh.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThree years after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychological distress among college students remains increased. This study assesses stress, anxiety, and depression levels among students of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki by the end of the third year of the pandemic (November 2022), revealing demographic characteristics and probable stressors.
methodsA questionnaire was distributed in November 2022 via the academic students' e-mails. The evaluation was performed with the DASS21 survey tool. The correlation analysis and the effect size calculation were performed with the
resultsThe majority of participants were undergraduates, on their first or second academic year, female students (67%), age of 18 to 21, unmarried or single (91%), and vaccinated against COVID-19 infection (83.4%). Severely increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (21.3%, 23.3%, and 25.1%, respectively) were measured. The normal and mild levels of stress, anxiety, and depression were 64.0%, 66.5%, and 57.2%, respectively. Female and younger students were at a higher risk of extremely severe stress, anxiety and depression prevalence (ORs up to 2.07,
conclusionsDespite the undeniable withdrawal of the COVID-19 pandemic, the community of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki presents high stress, anxiety, and depression levels, similar to those reported during the first year of the pandemic (November 2020). Stressors and risk factors were according to the reported literature and previous studies on Greek students. Academic psychological support offices should consider the students' "profile" in order to evaluate properly the potential risk for emotional and psychological distress. Evidence suggest that new technology (virtual reality, tele-psychiatry or tele-support apps and sessions) should also be implemented in universities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.