SynthesisNature human behaviour2023
A systematic review of psychosocial functioning changes after gender-affirming hormone therapy among transgender people.
Synthesis in Nature human behaviour, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender affirming hormone therapy for individuals with gender dysphoria aged <26 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of disease in childhood · 2025Pooled it
- History of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder diagnoses among midlife and older transfeminine and transmasculine adults in the United States: A cross-sectional analysis within the STRONG cohort.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Psychological and physical effects of short-term discontinuation of feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy among older transgender women: a within-subject clinical trial.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Characteristics of Gender-Diverse Patients With Breast Cancer.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Venous Thromboembolism in Transgender and Gender Diverse Individuals on Estrogen-Based Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Surgical and hormonal gender-affirming care: cross-domain determinants and artificial intelligence-enabled expansion.International journal for equity in health · 2026Review
- Exploring the Intersection of Gender Identity and Eating Behaviours in Gender-Diverse Populations.European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association · 2026Article
- Healthcare costs associated with gender dysphoria in children, adolescents and young adults in germany: A prevalence-based analysis using statutory health insurance data.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- Low-dose testosterone administration and oestrogen synthase availability in the female brain: A pilot study.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Article
- "They Didn't Know How to Support Me": The Experiences of Transgender Men and Non-Binary People With Chestfeeding.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2026Article
- Reducing Disparities and Improving Mental Health for Transgender Persons.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Article
- Gender Identity Milestones and Hormone Utilization in Transgender Men and Women in China.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Gender-affirming health care needs, barriers to care, and health and wellbeing in a broad nationwide sample of transgender people in Norway.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Leveraging community engagement and human-centered design to develop multilevel implementation strategies to enhance adoption of a health equity intervention.Implementation science communications · 2025Article
- Disentangling the biopsychosocial effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on social health: A protocol for a multi-arm prospective cohort study (AFFIRM Relationships).Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Endocrine issues in critically ill transgender patients: A narrative review.World journal of critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Gender-affirming hormone therapy, quality of life, and the role of oestradiol and testosterone in transgender individuals.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Article
- Stratified analysis of health and gender-affirming care among Italian transgender and gender diverse adults.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This systematic review assessed the state and quality of evidence for effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on psychosocial functioning. Forty-six relevant journal articles (six qualitative, 21 cross-sectional, 19 prospective cohort) were identified. Gender-affirming hormone therapy was consistently found to reduce depressive symptoms and psychological distress. Evidence for quality of life was inconsistent, with some trends suggesting improvements. There was some evidence of affective changes differing for those on masculinizing versus feminizing hormone therapy. Results for self-mastery effects were ambiguous, with some studies suggesting greater anger expression, particularly among those on masculinizing hormone therapy, but no increase in anger intensity. There were some trends toward positive change in interpersonal functioning. Overall, risk of bias was highly variable between studies. Small samples and lack of adjustment for key confounders limited causal inferences. More high-quality evidence for psychosocial effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy is vital for ensuring health equity for transgender people.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.