Observational studyBMJ open2023
Prevalence of undiagnosed stage 3 chronic kidney disease in France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the USA: results from the multinational observational REVEAL-CKD study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04847531 (REVEAL-CKD), which is not on this map. Cited by 83 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
REVEAL-CKD: A Retrospective, Multinational Observational Study to Determine the Prevalence and Consequences of Undiagnosed Chronic Kidney Disease
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Dietary patterns and physical activity in relation to renal and metabolic outcomes among older adults with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Proteinuria or Albuminuria as Markers of Kidney and Cardiovascular Disease Risk : An Individual Patient-Level Meta-analysis.Annals of internal medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Digital Physical Activity and Exercise Interventions for People Living with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review of Health Outcomes and Feasibility.Journal of medical systems · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Observational
- Predicting High-Risk CKD in Japanese People: Model Development and Validation.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Undiagnosed Chronic Kidney Disease, Outcomes, and Finerenone in Heart Failure: The FINEARTS-HF Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA cardiology · 2026Article
- Implementation of a Laboratory-Integrated Clinical Decision Support System for CKD Screening and Progression Detection in Primary Care.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Article
- GERBEHRT: a BERT-based model tailored for German electronic health records - potential in chronic kidney disease prediction.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Clinical Implications of Missed CKD Diagnosis in Adults with and without Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026Article
- A Microsimulation-Based Approach for Mitigating Societal Bias in Chronic Kidney Disease Data.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2026Article
- Glomerular Filtration Rate, Albuminuria, and Reported Kidney Disease in Comparison: Results From the German National Cohort (NAKO).Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2026Observational
- Artificial intelligence in chronic kidney disease: Early detection, risk prediction, and personalized treatment strategies.World journal of nephrology · 2026Review
- Evidence-practice gaps in chronic kidney disease management among patients taking antidiabetic or antihypertensive medications: a nationwide analysis of Japanese primary care electronic health records.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026Observational
- CVOT Summit Report 2025: advances along the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic disease continuum.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Association of periodontitis with reduced kidney function and albuminuria in early chronic kidney disease: a population-based study.International journal of oral science · 2026Article
- Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence to Improve Kidney Care: A Statement from the American Society of Nephrology.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026Review
- Development and Psychometric Validation of a Multidimensional Ecological Model-Based Awareness Scale for Patients with Stage 3-4 Chronic Kidney Disease.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesREVEAL-CKD aims to estimate the prevalence of, and factors associated with, undiagnosed stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD).
designMultinational, observational study.
settingData from six country-specific electronic medical records and/or insurance claims databases from five countries (France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the USA [two databases]).
participantsEligible participants (≥18 years old) had ≥2 consecutive estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurements (calculated from serum creatinine values, sex and age) taken from 2015 onwards that were indicative of stage 3 CKD (≥30 and <60 mL/min/1.73 m
main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was point prevalence of undiagnosed stage 3 CKD. Time to diagnosis was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier approach. Factors associated with lacking a CKD diagnosis and risk of diagnostic delay were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for baseline covariates.
resultsThe prevalence of undiagnosed stage 3 CKD was 95.5% (19 120/20 012 patients) in France, 84.3% (22 557/26 767) in Germany, 77.0% (50 547/65 676) in Italy, 92.1% (83 693/90 902) in Japan, 61.6% (13 845/22 470) in the US Explorys Linked Claims and Electronic Medical Records Data database and 64.3% (161 254/250 879) in the US TriNetX database. The prevalence of undiagnosed CKD increased with age. Factors associated with undiagnosed CKD were female sex (vs male, range of odds ratios across countries: 1.29-1.77), stage 3a CKD (vs 3b, 1.81-3.66), no medical history (vs a history) of diabetes (1.26-2.77) or hypertension (1.35-1.78).
conclusionsThere are substantial opportunities to improve stage 3 CKD diagnosis, particularly in female patients and older patients. The low diagnosis rates in patients with comorbidities that put them at risk of disease progression and complications require attention.
trial registrationNCT04847531.
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