ReviewInternational journal of biological sciences2023
Current Status in Rechallenge of Immunotherapy.
Review in International journal of biological sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advancing immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge: key insights into efficacy, safety, and personalized strategies in advanced solid tumors.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of restarting immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer patients following immune-related adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Pooled it
- Surufatinib plus toripalimab for patients with advanced solid tumors and disease progression after prior immunotherapy: an open-label multi-cohort phase 2 trial.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Trial
- Phase 1/2, open-label study of oral bacterial supplementation (EDP1503) plus pembrolizumab in participants with advanced or metastatic microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and checkpoint inhibitor-relapsed tumors.Investigational new drugs · 2025Trial
- β-glucan combined with Envafolimab and Endostar as immune rechallenge for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.BMC immunology · 2024Trial
- Rechallenge with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Narrative Review.Liver cancer · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy retreatment with serplulimab vs. chemotherapy in extensive-stage advanced small cell lung cancer.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Gut-targeted strategies at the intersection of radiotherapy and immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Navigating Immunotherapy Resistance: The Role of Cross-Line Strategies in Cancer Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Targeting T-Cells for Cancer Treatment: Current Clinical Strategies and Challenges.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated diabetic ketoacidosis induced by cadonilimab: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Disitamab Vedotin (RC48-ADC) in the Treatment of HER2-Overexpressing Advanced Gastric/Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and cardiovascular toxicity: immunology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2025Review
- The Progression Patterns and Subsequent Treatments of First-Line Immunotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Thoracic cancer · 2025Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Second-Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Rechallenge in Advanced or Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study.Thoracic cancer · 2025Article
- The current and emerging immunotherapy paradigm in small-cell lung cancer.Nature cancer · 2025Review
- Article
- Ti-Based Metallic Biomaterials for Antitumor Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Exceptional Response in a Patient with mRCC Through Precision-Guided Treatment Involving Immunotherapy Rechallenge with Temsirolimus and Bevacizumab.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2025Article
- Feasibility and tolerability of anlotinib plus PD-1 blockades as rechallenge immunotherapy in previously treated advanced ESCC: a retrospective study.The oncologist · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The treatment of malignant tumors has entered the era of immunotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have brought significant benefits to patients. However, some patients are required to discontinue treatment with ICIs owing to factors such as disease progression and intolerable side effects. Faced with limited subsequent treatment options and complex medical needs, we searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and the NIH clinical trials database and found that ICI rechallenge could be a relevant clinical strategy. The factors that could affect the rechallenge efficacy include the patients' characteristics, therapeutic strategy selection, and the timing of treatment. Multiple factors are used to identify target population, of which clinical features and PD-L1 expression are more potential. Both single ICI rechallenge and combination therapy may have survival benefits. Patients who have tolerated initial immunotherapy well could undergo ICI rechallenge, while patients who have experienced grade 3 or higher immune-related adverse events should be carefully assessed prior to rechallenge. Interventions and the interval between two courses of ICI will clearly have an impact on the efficacy of subsequent treatment. Preliminary data evaluation supports further investigation on ICI rechallenge to identify the factors that could contribute to its efficacy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.