ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2023
High treatment resistance is associated with lower performance in the Stroop test in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparing Different Montages of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Treating Treatment-Resistant Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized, Single-Blind Clinical Trial.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Trial
- Error-Related Brain Potentials as Biomarkers of Pathology Severity and Treatment Resistance in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- Effects of group cognitive behavior therapy on cognitive flexibility in college students with high obsessive-compulsive symptoms.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
Around 50% of the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are resistant to treatment, and patients with OCD show alterations in a broad range of cognitive abilities. The present study investigated the links between treatment-resistance, executive and working memory abilities, and the severity of OCD symptoms among 66 patients with OCD. The patients performed seven tests gauging their executive functions and working memory and filled in questionnaires for OCD severity and insight into their pathology. In addition, the executive and working memory abilities of a subset of these patients were compared with those of individually matched control participants. In contrast with previous studies, patients' treatment resistance was evaluated by considering the clinical outcomes of all the treatments that they received during the course of their disease. Higher treatment resistance was associated with lower performance in one particular executive test, the Stroop test, which assessed patients' ability to inhibit prepotent/automatic responses. Older age and more severe OCD symptoms were also associated with higher treatment resistance. Regardless of OCD severity, the patients displayed small to moderate deficits across most components of executive functions compared to control participants. Interestingly, patients with OCD took more time than control participants to perform speeded neuropsychological tests but never made more errors. Altogether, this study shows that the treatment-resistance of patients with OCD may be reliably quantified over the course of years and treatments using Pallanti and Quercioli's (2006) treatment resistance-related scales. The data suggest that the Stroop test could be used clinically to anticipate treatment outcomes in to-be-treated patients.
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