ReviewFrontiers in artificial intelligence2023
ChatGPT in medicine: an overview of its applications, advantages, limitations, future prospects, and ethical considerations.
Review in Frontiers in artificial intelligence, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 539 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
539 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mapping artificial intelligence in problem-based and case-based medical education: a bibliometric analysis (2019-2026).Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- AI in Medical Questionnaires: Scoping ReviewJournal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of adenosine for supraventricular tachycardia: A meta-analysis utilizing BioMedGPT-LM-7B.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Integrating ChatGPT into nursing education: a randomized trial exploring knowledge, retention, and student perspectives on endotracheal suctioning.BMC medical education · 2026Trial
- A pilot randomized controlled trial of AI-delivered vs. human-delivered iCBT for depression in young adults.BMC psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Proactive vs. passive algorithmic ethics practices in healthcare: the moderating role of healthcare engagement type in patients' responses.BMC medical ethics · 2025Trial
- Improving patient communication and understanding of medical reports through text simplification with ChatGPT: a comparative study.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2026Article
- Beyond one-size-fits-all: mapping information-seeking and decision-making pathways in cancer care.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Ethical and responsible use of artificial intelligence in medical education.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Review
- Generative AI in medicine: use and acceptance among professionals in orthopedics and traumatology: a survey-based analysis in Germany.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Performance of ChatGPT, Claude, and AMBOSS on the European Board of Urology In-Service Assessment and Alignment With the European Association of Urology 2025 Guidelines: Comparative Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Elucidating the transformative role of large language models in advancing anesthesiology education.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Review
- Large Language Model Responses to Common Otolaryngological Questions: Evaluating Accuracy, Appropriateness, Readability, and Hallucinations.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Observational
- Assessing the performance of three large language models in thyroid cancer tumour board decision-making.Updates in surgery · 2026Article
- Barriers and Facilitators to AI Implementation in Intensive Care Units in China: Qualitative Study Among Nurse Managers.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Impact of ChatGPT-assisted personalized learning on teaching acute abdomen to undergraduate medical students: A randomized crossover study.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Prediction of Postoperative Vomiting Within 24 Hours Using Machine Learning With Large Language Model-Enhanced Interpretability: Development and Validation Study.JMIR medical informatics · 2026Article
- Performance of next-generation AI chatbots in colorectal cancer knowledge assessment: a comparative pilot study of ChatGPT-5.1, Gemini-3Pro Preview, DeepSeek-V3.2, Kimi K2 Thinking, Qwen3-Max and Claude Opus 4.5.Updates in surgery · 2026Article
- The doctors of the future: the competition of ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-4 omni, and Gemini 2.0 Flash in andrology.BMC urology · 2026Article
- A comparative evaluation of large language models in diagnosis and treatment planning in restorative dentistry.BMC oral health · 2026Article
479 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the advantages, limitations, ethical considerations, future prospects, and practical applications of ChatGPT and artificial intelligence (AI) in the healthcare and medical domains. ChatGPT is an advanced language model that uses deep learning techniques to produce human-like responses to natural language inputs. It is part of the family of generative pre-training transformer (GPT) models developed by OpenAI and is currently one of the largest publicly available language models. ChatGPT is capable of capturing the nuances and intricacies of human language, allowing it to generate appropriate and contextually relevant responses across a broad spectrum of prompts. The potential applications of ChatGPT in the medical field range from identifying potential research topics to assisting professionals in clinical and laboratory diagnosis. Additionally, it can be used to help medical students, doctors, nurses, and all members of the healthcare fraternity to know about updates and new developments in their respective fields. The development of virtual assistants to aid patients in managing their health is another important application of ChatGPT in medicine. Despite its potential applications, the use of ChatGPT and other AI tools in medical writing also poses ethical and legal concerns. These include possible infringement of copyright laws, medico-legal complications, and the need for transparency in AI-generated content. In conclusion, ChatGPT has several potential applications in the medical and healthcare fields. However, these applications come with several limitations and ethical considerations which are presented in detail along with future prospects in medicine and healthcare.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.