ReviewAmerican journal of cardiovascular disease2023
The epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease in adult patients with HIV.
Review in American journal of cardiovascular disease, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sustained Activation of Myeloperoxidase Is Associated with Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in People Living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Semaglutide improves markers of cardiovascular risk in people with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Switch to Fixed Dose of Doravirine, Lamivudine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Versus Bictegravir, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate in Virologically Suppressed Adults on Efavirenz-Based Regimens: 48-Week Results of a Real-world, Prospective, Observational Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Long-term metabolic changes with bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide or dolutegravir-containing regimens for HIV.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Trial
- Predictors of Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease in Middle-Aged, Virologically Controlled People Living With HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Thromboinflammatory biomarkers and thrombotic risk in virologic failure and drug-resistant HIV: Emerging roles of d-dimer, fibrinogen, and coagulation dysregulation.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2026Review
- Gut-heart immuno-metabolic disruption associated with inflammaging and subclinical coronary artery disease in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Article
- Premature "asymptomatic" peripheral artery disease and correlates among HIV-positive adults in Ghana: findings from the SCRIPT study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Independent risk factors of hypertension in patients with chronic heart failure: insights from univariate and multivariate analyses.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Thrombosis risk in sickle cell disease with HIV co-infection: unraveling the complex interactions and clinical implications - a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Article
- Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults: A Case Series and Comprehensive Review of Molecular and Clinical Mechanisms.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Addressing Cardiometabolic Challenges in HIV: Insights, Impact, and Best Practices for Optimal Management-A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Editorial: HIV/AIDS: pathogenesis and vaccine.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting the outcome of metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV after antiretroviral therapy in China.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- The hidden link between HIV and cardiomyopathy: unraveling HIV's impact on the heart.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review of the Manifestation of Cardiovascular Diseases in HIV Patients.Cureus · 2025Review
- Article
- Stroke from Infection.Cerebrovascular diseases extra · 2025Review
- Correlation Between Anthropometric Measurements with Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Ten-Year Cardiovascular Risk Score Among People with HIV in Uganda.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
More than 1.2 million people in the United States have Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections but 13% of these people are unaware of their HIV infection. Current combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) does not cure HIV infection but rather suppresses the infection with the virus persisting indefinitely in latent reservoirs in the body. As a consequence of ART, HIV infection has changed from a fatal disease in the past to a chronic disease today. Currently in the United States, more than 45% of HIV+ individuals are greater than 50 years of age and 25% will be greater than 65 years of age by 2030. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), including myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiomyopathy, is now the major cause of death in HIV+ individuals. Novel risk factors, including chronic immune activation and inflammation in the body, antiretroviral therapy, and traditional CVD risk factors, such as tobacco and illicit drug use, hyperlipidemia, the metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic renal disease, contribute to cardiovascular atherosclerosis. This article discusses the complex interactions involving HIV infection, the novel and traditional risk factors for CVD, and the antiretroviral HIV therapies which can contribute to CVD in HIV-infected people. In addition, the treatment of HIV+ patients with acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiomyopathy/heart failure are discussed. Current recommended ART and their major side effects are summarized in table format. All medical personnel must be aware of the increasing incidence of CVD on the morbidity and mortality in HIV infected patients and must be watchful for the presence of CVD in their patients with HIV.
Indexed as
Identifiers
37213313PMC10193251W4377220078What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.