ArticleJMIR mental health2023
Evaluating the Modified Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and Insomnia Severity Index-2 for Daily Digital Screening of Depression and Insomnia: Validation Study.
Article in JMIR mental health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of unguided digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Digital Health Monitoring and Intervention Suite for Stress in Frontline Nurses: Prospective Cohort Trial.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Daily Mindfulness and Depressive Symptoms Among Parents of Autistic Children: A Dynamic Structural Equation Modelling Study.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and Insomnia Severity Index-2 (ISI-2) are screening assessments that reflect the past 2-week experience of depression and insomnia, respectively. Retrospective assessment has been associated with reduced accuracy owing to recall bias.
objectiveThis study aimed to increase the reliability of responses by validating the use of the PHQ-2 and ISI-2 for daily screening.
methodsA total of 167 outpatients from the psychiatric department at the Yongin Severance Hospital participated in this study, of which 63 (37.7%) were male and 104 (62.3%) were female with a mean age of 35.1 (SD 12.1) years. Participants used a mobile app ("Mental Protector") for 4 weeks and rated their depressive and insomnia symptoms daily on the modified PHQ-2 and ISI-2 scales. The validation assessments were conducted in 2 blocks, each with a fortnight response from the participants. The modified version of the PHQ-2 was evaluated against the conventional scales of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised.
resultsAccording to the sensitivity and specificity analyses, an average score of 3.29 on the modified PHQ-2 was considered valid for screening for depressive symptoms. Similarly, the ISI-2 was evaluated against the conventional scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and a mean score of 3.50 was determined to be a valid threshold for insomnia symptoms when rated daily.
conclusionsThis study is one of the first to propose a daily digital screening measure for depression and insomnia delivered through a mobile app. The modified PHQ-2 and ISI-2 were strong candidates for daily screening of depression and insomnia, respectively.
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