ArticleMicrobiome2023
An entomopathogenic fungus exploits its host humoral antibacterial immunity to minimize bacterial competition in the hemolymph.
Article in Microbiome, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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18 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Whole-Genome Sequencing of Multidrug-ResistantInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Immune and Metabolic Responses inInsects · 2026Article
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- All you need is fungi: Exploring secondary metabolites as a source of novel amoebicidal agents.Genetics and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- The gut microbial community structure of the oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) affects the the virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium rileyi.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Isolation and Characterization ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Hemolymph microbiota and host immunity of crustaceans and mollusks.The ISME journal · 2025Review
- An iron-binding protein of entomopathogenic fungus suppresses the proliferation of host symbiotic bacteria.Microbiome · 2024Article
- The secretory protein COA1 enables Metarhizium robertsii to evade insect immune recognition during cuticle penetration.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Engineered fungus containing a caterpillar gene kills insects rapidly by disrupting their ecto- and endo-microbiomes.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Gut Microbial Diversity Reveals Differences in Pathogenicity betweenMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Chronic bee paralysis virus exploits host antimicrobial peptides and alters gut microbiota composition to facilitate viral infection.The ISME journal · 2024Article
- The fungusFrontiers in fungal biology · 2024Review
- The Effects of Shaking Duration on the Abundance and the Community of Aerobic Denitrifying Bacteria in Shrimp Pond Water and Sediment Samples.Current microbiology · 2023Article
- Influence of symbiotic bacteria on the susceptibility ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe insect hemolymph (blood-equivalent fluid), composed of a large number of hemocytes (blood cells) and a variety of soluble immune effectors, is hostile for pathogens including fungi. In order to survive in the insect hemocoel (body cavity), the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) has evolved two classical coping strategies, namely evasion and suppression of the host immune reactions. However, it remains unclear whether EPF has other ways of coping with host immunity.
resultsIn this study, we demonstrated that Metarhizium rileyi (an EPF) infection by injection of blastospores into the hemocoel enhanced the plasma antibacterial activity of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), which was partially due to the enhanced expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The early stage of M. rileyi infection induced the translocation of gut bacteria into the hemocoel, where they were subsequently cleared due to the enhanced plasma antibacterial activity. Further, we showed that the enhanced plasma antibacterial activity and AMP expression were attributable to M. rileyi but not the invasive gut bacteria (opportunistic bacteria). Elevated ecdysone (major steroid hormone in insects) levels in the hemolymph at 48 h post-M. rileyi infection might contribute to the enhanced expression of AMPs. The fungus-elicited AMPs, such as cecropin 3 or lebocin, exhibited potent inhibitory activity against the opportunistic bacteria but not against hyphal bodies. In addition, the opportunistic bacteria competed with hyphal bodies for amino acid nutrients.
conclusionsM. rileyi infection induced the translocation of gut bacteria, and then the fungi activated and exploited its host humoral antibacterial immunity to eliminate opportunistic bacteria, preventing them from competing for nutrients in the hemolymph. Unlike the classical strategies, EPF utilizes to evade or suppress host immunity, our findings reveal a novel strategy of interaction between EPF and host immunity. Video Abstract.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.