ReviewEmerging infectious diseases2023
Association of Persistent Symptoms after Lyme Neuroborreliosis and Increased Levels of Interferon-α in Blood.
Review in Emerging infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment of post-treatment Lyme disease symptoms-a systematic review.European journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Does C1 esterase inhibitor play a role in post COVID-19 neurological symptoms? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, proof-of-concept study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Trial
- Mostly getting along -Borrelia burgdorferi and its manipulation of the host immune system.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- Designing studies for post-treatment Lyme disease and other infection-associated chronic illnesses.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Lyme borreliosis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Type I interferon signaling promotes early innate control ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- From forest floor to doctor's office: the immunological journey ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Evasin and TSLPI Tick Salivary Antigen Subunit Vaccine Nanoparticles Induce Humoral and Cellular Immunity.ACS nanoscience Au · 2025Article
- Borrelia burgdorferi c-di-AMP is a key extracellular pathogen-associated molecular pattern to elicit type I interferon responses in mammalian hosts.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Persistent self-reported health complaints in Norwegians who attribute their symptoms to tick bites or tick-borne disease- a cross-sectional controlled study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The peptidoglycan ofScience translational medicine · 2025Article
- Understanding the Perspectives, Experiences, Beliefs, and Knowledge of Health Care Practitioners on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Lyme Disease in Canada.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2025Article
- Aberrant T-cell phenotypes in a cohort of patients with post-treatment Lyme disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Core features and inherent diversity of post-acute infection syndromes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Toll-like receptor 1 polymorphism is associated with impaired immune tolerance, dysregulated inflammatory responses toFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Determinants of persistent symptoms after treatment for Lyme borreliosis: a prospective observational cohort study.EBioMedicine · 2023Observational
- Single-cell RNA sequencing of murine ankle joints over time reveals distinct transcriptional changes followingiScience · 2023Article
- Investigation of Possible Link between Interferon-α and Lyme Disease.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Neuropsychiatric Lyme Disease and Vagus Nerve Stimulation.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Annexin A2 antibodies in post-treatment Lyme disease.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseArticle
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Patients who have Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) might experience lingering symptoms that persist despite antibiotic drug therapy. We tested whether those symptoms are caused by maladaptive immune responses by measuring 20 immune mediators in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 79 LNB patients followed for 1 year. At study entry, most mediators were highly concentrated in CSF, the site of the infection. Those responses resolved with antibiotic therapy, and associations between CSF cytokines and signs and symptoms of LNB were no longer observed. In contrast, subjective symptoms that persisted after use of antibiotics were associated with increased levels of serum interferon-α (IFN-α), which were already observed at study entry, and remained increased at each subsequent timepoint. Highest IFN-α levels corresponded with severe disease. Although the infection serves as the initial trigger, sequelae after antibiotic therapy are associated with unremitting systemic IFN-α levels, consistent with the pathogenic role of this cytokine in interferonopathies in other conditions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.