ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2023
Risk Factors for Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infections, United States.
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-O157 shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in Africa: a one health systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and clinical outcomes.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Genomic epidemiology reveals statewide dispersal of clinical Shiga toxin-producingMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Microbe-plant interactions ofEcoSal Plus · 2025Review
- Increased detection of Shiga toxin-producingEpidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- Shiga toxin-producingMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Antibiotic resistance and preventive strategies in foodborne pathogenic bacteria: a comprehensive review.Food science and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Ruminant-dense environments increase risk of reported Shiga toxin-producingApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Drug resistance and pathogenicity characteristics ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Isolation of Shiga toxin-producingGerms · 2024Article
- Ruminant-dense environments increase risk of Shiga toxin-producingmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Prevalence of STEC virulence markers andFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Differences in risk factors for transmission among Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroups and stx profiles.The Journal of infection · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes acute diarrheal illness. To determine risk factors for non-O157 STEC infection, we enrolled 939 patients and 2,464 healthy controls in a case-control study conducted in 10 US sites. The highest population-attributable fractions for domestically acquired infections were for eating lettuce (39%), tomatoes (21%), or at a fast-food restaurant (23%). Exposures with 10%-19% population attributable fractions included eating at a table service restaurant, eating watermelon, eating chicken, pork, beef, or iceberg lettuce prepared in a restaurant, eating exotic fruit, taking acid-reducing medication, and living or working on or visiting a farm. Significant exposures with high individual-level risk (odds ratio >10) among those >1 year of age who did not travel internationally were all from farm animal environments. To markedly decrease the number of STEC-related illnesses, prevention measures should focus on decreasing contamination of produce and improving the safety of foods prepared in restaurants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.